PS: And this is how I confirmed this issue for myself so far: For desktop-files that specify only an extension, but not the full path (e.g. skype specifies skype.png) you can simply add the file extension another time to confirm this issue, e.g. renaming it to "skype.png.png" (and updating the icon-cache) results in the icon being found by gtk_image_new_from_icon_name.
PS: And this is how I confirmed this issue for myself so far: For desktop-files that specify only an extension, but not the full path (e.g. skype specifies skype.png) you can simply add the file extension another time to confirm this issue, e.g. renaming it to "skype.png.png" (and updating the icon-cache) results in the icon being found by gtk_image_ new_from_ icon_name.