Comment 38 for bug 772631

OK, finally got to the bottom of this. The package is missing all files except the kile binary. All files supposed to be placed in /usr/local/share are missing, the folders are created though, so the files are probably simply missing from the package.

Secondly, Kile needs the KDEDIRS environment variable to be set, which is not done in the current Kile package (this may be a general Kubuntu bug for all I know). This is done by adding the line:
 KDEDIRS="/usr/local"
to the file /etc/environment

If you want Kile working without adding more repositories to your installation, you can install the missing files by compiling Kile from source and installing. Given that my memory is fine, it goes like this:
sudo apt-get install build-essential kdelibs5-dev libqt4-dev cmake
git clone git://anongit.kde.org/kile
cd kile
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

Then add the line in /etc/environment and reboot.

Is anybody looking into this package, does it have an ubuntu maintainer?