I also encountered this issue after upgrading to 4.4.0-143 on xenial this evening. Virtualbox modules could not be loaded e.g. vboxdrv. After attempting many solutions including updating to the latest version of virtual box I ended up here. My /var/log/vbox-setup.log was bascially identical to arQon's. After rebooting into 4.4.0-142 everything is loading as expected.
I also encountered this issue after upgrading to 4.4.0-143 on xenial this evening. Virtualbox modules could not be loaded e.g. vboxdrv. After attempting many solutions including updating to the latest version of virtual box I ended up here. My /var/log/ vbox-setup. log was bascially identical to arQon's. After rebooting into 4.4.0-142 everything is loading as expected.