Comment 113 for bug 872044

Here is a work-around:

Again, the Linux bug has something to do with waiting for an acknowlegement prompt on the receiving device.
This still needs to be fixed.

There is a free (as in beer if you watch our ad) Android app called Bluetooth File Transfer (very well done in fact).
With it you can disable the Receiving "security prompt".
That done, files can be transferred from Linux.

(Using this app, one can also turn file browsing on.
Once that is done, in Linux, just re-pair the devices, and voilà, file browsing with Android!)