This appears to already be fixed; when running the reproducer it fails to fchmod:
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_assisted[16574]: got rootfd from other chroot...
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_assisted[16574]: chdir successful, am now in /home/ubuntu/systemd_uidleak
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_assisted[16574]: breakout_assisted: fchmod: Operation not permitted
This appears to already be fixed; when running the reproducer it fails to fchmod:
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_ assisted[ 16574]: got rootfd from other chroot... assisted[ 16574]: chdir successful, am now in /home/ubuntu/ systemd_ uidleak assisted[ 16574]: breakout_assisted: fchmod: Operation not permitted
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_
Feb 24 13:11:24 lp1814596-b breakout_