This is strange as from your log files we can see that the linux-headers-generic package is installed and the new linux-headers package gets installed (VarLogDistupgradeAptterm.log).
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.13.0-16.
Preparing to unpack .../610-linux-headers-4.13.0-16_4.13.0-16.19_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-4.13.0-16 (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../611-linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic_4.13.0-16.19_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Preparing to unpack .../612-linux-headers-generic_4.13.0.16.17_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-generic (4.13.0.16.17) over (4.10.0.37.37) ...
This is strange as from your log files we can see that the linux-headers- generic package is installed and the new linux-headers package gets installed (VarLogDistupgr adeAptterm. log).
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers- 4.13.0- 16. linux-headers- 4.13.0- 16_4.13. 0-16.19_ all.deb ... 4.13.0- 16 (4.13.0-16.19) ... 4.13.0- 16-generic. linux-headers- 4.13.0- 16-generic_ 4.13.0- 16.19_amd64. deb ... 4.13.0- 16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... linux-headers- generic_ 4.13.0. 16.17_amd64. deb ... generic (4.13.0.16.17) over (4.10.0.37.37) ...
Preparing to unpack .../610-
Unpacking linux-headers-
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-
Preparing to unpack .../611-
Unpacking linux-headers-
Preparing to unpack .../612-
Unpacking linux-headers-