Comment 2 for bug 1647014

Ok dpkg -S /bin/udevadm says
Umleitung durch fake-udev von: /bin/udevadm
Umleitung durch fake-udev zu: /bin/udevadm.upgrade

and all my problems are there - i copied /bin/udevadm from LiveCD to /bin/udevadm on my harddisk and now /dev/sda2 mounts and wacom works and and and ...

All problems are from this code cat /bin/udevadm
#!/bin/sh

if [ "$1" = "trigger" ]; then
    echo "udevadm trigger is not permitted while udev is unconfigured." 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

if [ "$1" = "settle" ]; then
    echo "udevadm settle is not permitted while udev is unconfigured." 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

exec /bin/bash -c "exec -a \"\$0\" /bin/udevadm.upgrade \"\$@\"" "$0" "$@"

But I don't know which package installed this in /bin/udevadm there is no package fake-udev and also udev installs only a symlink zu udevadm libudev1 don't install udevadm so I took the bin from the InstallCD - this were terrible 4 days.