TJ is right, I also confirmed this issue on a freshly installed 18.04.1 x86_64 Desktop VM last night. After enabling 'proposed' and installing all pending updates, 'groups' in a terminal returned just the users primary group. I then restored a snapshot taken right after the 18.04 installation (but with 'proposed' already enabled), and installed all pending updates again, this time one by one, but could not reproduce it then. I don't have any indication that the outcome would have been any different without 'proposed'.
So it remains unclear to me how to reproduce this reliably. It is clear that it is possible to reproduce this (occasionally) on a fresh 18.04.1 installation. And also on 16.04.5. So I do think it will affect many.
TJ is right, I also confirmed this issue on a freshly installed 18.04.1 x86_64 Desktop VM last night. After enabling 'proposed' and installing all pending updates, 'groups' in a terminal returned just the users primary group. I then restored a snapshot taken right after the 18.04 installation (but with 'proposed' already enabled), and installed all pending updates again, this time one by one, but could not reproduce it then. I don't have any indication that the outcome would have been any different without 'proposed'.
So it remains unclear to me how to reproduce this reliably. It is clear that it is possible to reproduce this (occasionally) on a fresh 18.04.1 installation. And also on 16.04.5. So I do think it will affect many.