Comment 2 for bug 1777002

You have two issues, one is that your config files were deleted for php7, that will sooner or later break it. If you don't want it at all, consider removing it:
  modified.conffile..etc.apache2.mods-available.php7.0.conf: [deleted]
  modified.conffile..etc.apache2.mods-available.php7.0.load: [deleted]

The other is more interesting as there seem to be an uncommon spike of this kind of bugs.
This is around mysql update missing a file.

Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-5.7.postinst: line 143: /usr/share/mysql-common/configure-symlinks: No such file or directory

This is the actual thing that broke your update as it seems to me.
Duping this to the bug about the mysql issue.