We have a winner: setting usePAM to no generates the issue:
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
-------------------------------
...
usePAM no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
...
ssh -v root@localhost
---------------------------------
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Offering ED25519 public key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
However, setting usePAM to yes makes the session work:
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
-------------------------------
...
use PAM yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
...
ssh -v root@localhost
--------------------------------
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to localhost ([::1]:xxx).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting <email address hidden>
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype <email address hidden> want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-19-generic x86_64)
...
We have a winner: setting usePAM to no generates the issue: sshd_config ------- ------- ------- ---
/etc/ssh/
-------
...
usePAM no
ChallengeRespon seAuthenticatio n no ication no words no
PasswordAuthent
PermitEmptyPass
...
ssh -v root@localhost ------- ------- ------- ----- ssh/id_ ed25519
-------
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Offering ED25519 public key: /root/.
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
However, setting usePAM to yes makes the session work: sshd_config ------- ------- ------- ---
/etc/ssh/
-------
...
use PAM yes
ChallengeRespon seAuthenticatio n no ication no words no
PasswordAuthent
PermitEmptyPass
...
ssh -v root@localhost ------- ------- ------- ---- .ssh/id_ rsa': input_global_ request: rtype <email address hidden> want_reply 0
-------
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279
Enter passphrase for key '/root/
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to localhost ([::1]:xxx).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting <email address hidden>
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: client_
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-19-generic x86_64)
...