Comment 2 for bug 1388453

I found a workaround.

I tried to install the latest PCLinuxOS and the latest Fedora an had the same problem, but there there was a item in the livecd menu to start in vesa mode. That worked. So I start searching how to start Ubuntu in vesa mode.
I'll tried with the livecd from Ubuntu-mate 14.04.1
I selected NOMODESET en after the 'quit splash' I added vga=normal. That started the live session of Ubuntu Mate in a resolution of 1024x768. I could install Ubuntu Mate.
At restarting the computer in Grub I choose 'e' to go in edit mode. and added 'nomodeset' en 'vga=normal' as extra options. (keyboard was not in be but in us, but I manage).
Mate started in 1024x768 (terrible on my screen, but at least I got something working.
Then I installed the nvidia drivers 'NVIDIA legacy binairy drivers-version 304.124' an restarted the computer.
Got my beautiful desktop back :>).
So I think the problem is probably in the nouveau drivers.