The Debian (upstream) version 3.6 of ttf-mscorefonts-installer searches for the font files in the correct network location, and will successfully install the core fonts.
This problem occurs with Ubuntu 16.04 as of July 2016. (And with earlier versions, including current LTS.)
As noted in https:/ /bugs.launchpad .net/ubuntu/ +source/ msttcorefonts/ +bug/1371783/ comments/ 45, the current 3.4 version of ttf-mscorefonts -installer searches for the font files in an incorrect network location. The consequence of this is that the core fonts are never installed.
The Debian (upstream) version 3.6 of ttf-mscorefonts -installer searches for the font files in the correct network location, and will successfully install the core fonts.
This problem occurs with Ubuntu 16.04 as of July 2016. (And with earlier versions, including current LTS.)