From the logs - looks like btrfs isn't happy; there are also some media errors - but those look like they are from the live cd you're using
[ 29.774376] kernel BUG at /build/buildd/linux-2.6.38/fs/btrfs/tree-log.c:820! [ 29.774392] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 29.774405] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/virtual/bdi/btrfs-1/uevent [ 29.774418] CPU 6 [ 29.774424] Modules linked in: dm_raid45 xor btrfs zlib_deflate libcrc32c nouveau ttm drm_kms_helper drm usb_storage usbhid hid uas i2c_algo_bit ahci tg3 libahci video [ 29.774449] [ 29.774451] Pid: 391, comm: exe Not tainted 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu LENOVO 20035 /Base Board Product Name [ 29.774463] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa0209645>] [<ffffffffa0209645>] add_inode_ref+0x465/0x480 [btrfs] [ 29.774480] RSP: 0018:ffff88013506d898 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 29.774484] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 00000000ffff9659 [ 29.774489] RDX: ffffffff81a2b680 RSI: ffffffffa01d6390 RDI: 0000000000000286 [ 29.774495] RBP: ffff88013506d958 R08: ffff8800bf59b9b0 R09: 01315b51400c0000 [ 29.774500] R10: feb0a4fb16c85003 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000097 [ 29.774505] R13: ffff88013506db18 R14: ffff8801314a2550 R15: 000000000000000c [ 29.774510] FS: 00007f915feb0720(0000) GS:ffff8800bf580000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 29.774516] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b [ 29.774520] CR2: 00007f384954aff1 CR3: 0000000136136000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 [ 29.774525] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 29.774530] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 29.774535] Process exe (pid: 391, threadinfo ffff88013506c000, task ffff880136608000) [ 29.774540] Stack: [ 29.774543] ffff880131438030 0000000000020000 0000000000000000 0000000200000000 [ 29.774550] 0000000000000000 ffff8801314a2550 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 29.774558] ffff8801314a4000 ffff8801314a2550 ffff88013506d938 ffff8801315b4d00 [ 29.774565] Call Trace: [ 29.774575] [<ffffffffa01f9812>] ? read_extent_buffer+0xe2/0x1e0 [btrfs] [ 29.774585] [<ffffffffa020b60e>] replay_one_buffer+0x27e/0x330 [btrfs] [ 29.774596] [<ffffffffa01f88ba>] ? alloc_extent_buffer+0x7a/0x420 [btrfs] [ 29.774606] [<ffffffffa020a139>] walk_down_log_tree+0x339/0x480 [btrfs] [ 29.774616] [<ffffffffa020a375>] walk_log_tree+0xf5/0x230 [btrfs] [ 29.774626] [<ffffffffa020d1c1>] btrfs_recover_log_trees+0x221/0x310 [btrfs] [ 29.774636] [<ffffffffa020b390>] ? replay_one_buffer+0x0/0x330 [btrfs] [ 29.774646] [<ffffffffa01cf353>] ? btree_read_extent_buffer_pages.clone.63+0x73/0xb0 [btrfs] [ 29.774657] [<ffffffffa01d2f8e>] open_ctree+0x125e/0x15c0 [btrfs] [ 29.774665] [<ffffffff812e5404>] ? snprintf+0x34/0x40 [ 29.774671] [<ffffffffa01b1e18>] btrfs_fill_super.clone.9+0x78/0x130 [btrfs] [ 29.774679] [<ffffffff811cc2f4>] ? disk_name+0x64/0xc0 [ 29.774684] [<ffffffff812e1fe7>] ? strlcpy+0x47/0x60 [ 29.774691] [<ffffffffa01b2223>] btrfs_mount+0x353/0x400 [btrfs] [ 29.774697] [<ffffffff8112b5a0>] ? __alloc_percpu+0x10/0x20 [ 29.774703] [<ffffffff81182e47>] ? alloc_vfsmnt+0xd7/0x1b0 [ 29.774709] [<ffffffff8116745d>] vfs_kern_mount+0x8d/0x280 [ 29.774714] [<ffffffff811676c4>] do_kern_mount+0x54/0x110 [ 29.774719] [<ffffffff81184c8a>] do_mount+0x1ea/0x230 [ 29.774724] [<ffffffff811850b0>] sys_mount+0x90/0xe0 [ 29.774730] [<ffffffff8100c002>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b [ 29.774734] Code: f7 e0 48 8b bd 78 ff ff ff e8 48 53 f7 e0 31 c0 48 81 c4 98 00 00 00 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f c9 c3 b8 fe ff ff ff eb e7 0f 0b <0f> 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 66 66 66 66 66 66 2e 0f 1f [ 29.775530] RIP [<ffffffffa0209645>] add_inode_ref+0x465/0x480 [btrfs] [ 29.775956] RSP <ffff88013506d898> [ 29.778822] ---[ end trace 5c025097ec024d86 ]---
From the logs - looks like btrfs isn't happy; there are also some media errors - but those look like they are from the live cd you're using
[ 29.774376] kernel BUG at /build/ buildd/ linux-2. 6.38/fs/ btrfs/tree- log.c:820! virtual/ bdi/btrfs- 1/uevent ffffffffa020964 5>] [<ffffffffa0209 645>] add_inode_ ref+0x465/ 0x480 [btrfs] 06d898 EFLAGS: 00010246 0(0000) GS:ffff8800bf58 0000(0000) knlGS:000000000 0000000 812>] ? read_extent_ buffer+ 0xe2/0x1e0 [btrfs] 60e>] replay_ one_buffer+ 0x27e/0x330 [btrfs] 8ba>] ? alloc_extent_ buffer+ 0x7a/0x420 [btrfs] 139>] walk_down_ log_tree+ 0x339/0x480 [btrfs] 375>] walk_log_ tree+0xf5/ 0x230 [btrfs] 1c1>] btrfs_recover_ log_trees+ 0x221/0x310 [btrfs] 390>] ? replay_ one_buffer+ 0x0/0x330 [btrfs] 353>] ? btree_read_ extent_ buffer_ pages.clone. 63+0x73/ 0xb0 [btrfs] f8e>] open_ctree+ 0x125e/ 0x15c0 [btrfs] 404>] ? snprintf+0x34/0x40 e18>] btrfs_fill_ super.clone. 9+0x78/ 0x130 [btrfs] 2f4>] ? disk_name+0x64/0xc0 fe7>] ? strlcpy+0x47/0x60 223>] btrfs_mount+ 0x353/0x400 [btrfs] 5a0>] ? __alloc_ percpu+ 0x10/0x20 e47>] ? alloc_vfsmnt+ 0xd7/0x1b0 45d>] vfs_kern_ mount+0x8d/ 0x280 6c4>] do_kern_ mount+0x54/ 0x110 c8a>] do_mount+ 0x1ea/0x230 0b0>] sys_mount+0x90/0xe0 002>] system_ call_fastpath+ 0x16/0x1b 645>] add_inode_ ref+0x465/ 0x480 [btrfs]
[ 29.774392] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 29.774405] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/
[ 29.774418] CPU 6
[ 29.774424] Modules linked in: dm_raid45 xor btrfs zlib_deflate libcrc32c nouveau ttm drm_kms_helper drm usb_storage usbhid hid uas i2c_algo_bit ahci tg3 libahci video
[ 29.774449]
[ 29.774451] Pid: 391, comm: exe Not tainted 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu LENOVO 20035 /Base Board Product Name
[ 29.774463] RIP: 0010:[<
[ 29.774480] RSP: 0018:ffff880135
[ 29.774484] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 00000000ffff9659
[ 29.774489] RDX: ffffffff81a2b680 RSI: ffffffffa01d6390 RDI: 0000000000000286
[ 29.774495] RBP: ffff88013506d958 R08: ffff8800bf59b9b0 R09: 01315b51400c0000
[ 29.774500] R10: feb0a4fb16c85003 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000097
[ 29.774505] R13: ffff88013506db18 R14: ffff8801314a2550 R15: 000000000000000c
[ 29.774510] FS: 00007f915feb072
[ 29.774516] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 29.774520] CR2: 00007f384954aff1 CR3: 0000000136136000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 29.774525] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 29.774530] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 29.774535] Process exe (pid: 391, threadinfo ffff88013506c000, task ffff880136608000)
[ 29.774540] Stack:
[ 29.774543] ffff880131438030 0000000000020000 0000000000000000 0000000200000000
[ 29.774550] 0000000000000000 ffff8801314a2550 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
[ 29.774558] ffff8801314a4000 ffff8801314a2550 ffff88013506d938 ffff8801315b4d00
[ 29.774565] Call Trace:
[ 29.774575] [<ffffffffa01f9
[ 29.774585] [<ffffffffa020b
[ 29.774596] [<ffffffffa01f8
[ 29.774606] [<ffffffffa020a
[ 29.774616] [<ffffffffa020a
[ 29.774626] [<ffffffffa020d
[ 29.774636] [<ffffffffa020b
[ 29.774646] [<ffffffffa01cf
[ 29.774657] [<ffffffffa01d2
[ 29.774665] [<ffffffff812e5
[ 29.774671] [<ffffffffa01b1
[ 29.774679] [<ffffffff811cc
[ 29.774684] [<ffffffff812e1
[ 29.774691] [<ffffffffa01b2
[ 29.774697] [<ffffffff8112b
[ 29.774703] [<ffffffff81182
[ 29.774709] [<ffffffff81167
[ 29.774714] [<ffffffff81167
[ 29.774719] [<ffffffff81184
[ 29.774724] [<ffffffff81185
[ 29.774730] [<ffffffff8100c
[ 29.774734] Code: f7 e0 48 8b bd 78 ff ff ff e8 48 53 f7 e0 31 c0 48 81 c4 98 00 00 00 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f c9 c3 b8 fe ff ff ff eb e7 0f 0b <0f> 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b 66 66 66 66 66 66 2e 0f 1f
[ 29.775530] RIP [<ffffffffa0209
[ 29.775956] RSP <ffff88013506d898>
[ 29.778822] ---[ end trace 5c025097ec024d86 ]---