1) Run an application to test that the connected USB3 device (a 3D camera) works (cheese).
It works.
2) Power off the 3D camera.
This produces the well-known dmesg lines.
3) Power on the 3D camera; run cheese again: "No device detected".
4) sudo rmmod xhci_pci
5) sudo modprobe xhci_pci
6) Verify that dmesg printed detection of the 3D camera again, go to 1.
I can now 100% reproduce this:
1) Run an application to test that the connected USB3 device (a 3D camera) works (cheese).
It works.
2) Power off the 3D camera.
This produces the well-known dmesg lines.
3) Power on the 3D camera; run cheese again: "No device detected".
4) sudo rmmod xhci_pci
5) sudo modprobe xhci_pci
6) Verify that dmesg printed detection of the 3D camera again, go to 1.