After downgrading the linux kernel to the latest version shipped with ubuntu 21.04 and rebooting, executing a docker container works in ubuntu 21.10 for 64-bit Raspberry Pi.
The downgrading can be achieved like this:
1) Add the hirsute apt repositories to /etc/apt/sources.list
2) sudo apt install linux-image-5.11.0-1021-raspi
3) sudo flash-kernel --force 5.11.0-1021-raspi
4) Reboot.
This indicates that there really is a problem with the current kernel in 21.10 that prevents execution of docker containers.
After downgrading the linux kernel to the latest version shipped with ubuntu 21.04 and rebooting, executing a docker container works in ubuntu 21.10 for 64-bit Raspberry Pi.
The downgrading can be achieved like this:
1) Add the hirsute apt repositories to /etc/apt/ sources. list 5.11.0- 1021-raspi
2) sudo apt install linux-image-
3) sudo flash-kernel --force 5.11.0-1021-raspi
4) Reboot.
This indicates that there really is a problem with the current kernel in 21.10 that prevents execution of docker containers.