Interestingly usb-passthrough does work with an ax88179 NIC. But that might be, because of initialization errors on the Host or because of diffent kind of initialization. Despite the errors it does work on the host.
Host (Ubuntu 22.04, Kernel Linux 5.15.0-52-generic)
[45964.858866] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x000e: -32
[message repeated multiple times]
[45964.901841] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to write reg index 0x000e: -32
[45964.912302] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x0000: -32
[45965.988669] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
[45965.988726] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
[45965.988732] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031579] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031591] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0001: -19
[45966.031596] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031820] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
[45966.031937] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031944] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.075553] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.075567] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0001: -19
[45966.075572] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45967.862773] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[45968.172405] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, f8:e4:3b:90:97:0f
[45968.714083] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: renamed from eth0
[45969.304396] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[45971.298515] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: ax88179 - Link status is: 1
[46073.074394] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
VM (Ubuntu 20.04 Kernel Linux 5.15.0-52-generic):
rkutz@linux02:~$ dmesg |grep ax88
[ 49.404245] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[ 49.727024] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:00:1d.7-4, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, f8:e4:3b:90:97:0f
[ 49.727049] usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a
[ 49.728594] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: renamed from eth0
[ 50.319450] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[ 2124.862130] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: ax88179 - Link status is: 1
Interestingly usb-passthrough does work with an ax88179 NIC. But that might be, because of initialization errors on the Host or because of diffent kind of initialization. Despite the errors it does work on the host.
Host (Ubuntu 22.04, Kernel Linux 5.15.0-52-generic)
[45964.858866] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x000e: -32
[message repeated multiple times]
[45964.901841] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to write reg index 0x000e: -32
[45964.912302] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x0000: -32
[45965.988669] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
[45965.988726] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
[45965.988732] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031579] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031591] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0001: -19
[45966.031596] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.0 eth0 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031820] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
[45966.031937] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.031944] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.075553] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45966.075567] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0001: -19
[45966.075572] ax88179_178a 3-8:2.1 eth1 (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
[45967.862773] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[45968.172405] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, f8:e4:3b:90:97:0f
[45968.714083] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: renamed from eth0
[45969.304396] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[45971.298515] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: ax88179 - Link status is: 1
[46073.074394] ax88179_178a 3-8:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:00:14.0-8, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
VM (Ubuntu 20.04 Kernel Linux 5.15.0-52-generic):
rkutz@linux02:~$ dmesg |grep ax88
[ 49.404245] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[ 49.727024] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:00:1d.7-4, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, f8:e4:3b:90:97:0f
[ 49.727049] usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a
[ 49.728594] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: renamed from eth0
[ 50.319450] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: Failed to read reg index 0x0040: -32
[ 2124.862130] ax88179_178a 1-4:1.0 enxf8e43b90970f: ax88179 - Link status is: 1