Comment 12 for bug 1909805

For the sake of completeness I will add also here.

This problem is most likely resolved because the underlying libclc was finally updated. (It took quite while.)

More information can be found here:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/78884

So this was not a problem of Ubuntu nor it was a problem of Mesa. In the end it was a problem of libclc not supporting newer Radeon hardware (most likely anything newer than GCN4).