Using apt-file search to look for the missing icons, they seem to be in various *-icon-theme packages.
The breeze-icon-theme package, described as "the default icon theme for the KDE Plasma 5 desktop.", seems to have all the missing icons.
So the fix was
sudo apt install breeze-icon-theme
So the real problem is in the listed dependencies for the krusader package. It should probably be corrected to add this icon theme, possibly with alternatives if other themes also contain all the missing icons.
Using apt-file search to look for the missing icons, they seem to be in various *-icon-theme packages.
The breeze-icon-theme package, described as "the default icon theme for the KDE Plasma 5 desktop.", seems to have all the missing icons.
So the fix was
sudo apt install breeze-icon-theme
So the real problem is in the listed dependencies for the krusader package. It should probably be corrected to add this icon theme, possibly with alternatives if other themes also contain all the missing icons.