$ mount
[...]
/dev/sda6 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
$ sudo ls /boot/efi/EFI/Ubuntu
BOOTX64.CSV grub.cfg grubx64.efi mmx64.efi shimx64.efi
I made some progress:
$ grub-probe -t device /boot/grub
/dev/sda6
$ mount fmask=0077, dmask=0077, codepage= 437,iocharset= iso8859- 1,shortname= mixed,errors= remount- ro)
[...]
/dev/sda6 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,
$ sudo ls /boot/efi/ EFI/Ubuntu
BOOTX64.CSV grub.cfg grubx64.efi mmx64.efi shimx64.efi
$ dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 2> /dev/null | grep -q GRUB && echo "GRUB found"
$
If I read these correctly, I do have files, but since the update no more MBR in /dev/sda. Is this observed correctly?