I've also encountered this problem while installing updates on Ubuntu 18.04.2.
Digging a bit into into the postinst script I've discovered that the failure for me came from the script /usr/share/grub/grub-check-signatures (from the grub-common package). There, mokutil is called which fails for me since the mokutil package isn't installed. I think this is a missing dependency of the grub-common package. After installing mokutil, the errors about dpkg --configure configure failing vanished and for me the packages grub-efi-amd64, grub-efi-amd64-signed and grub-efi packages were successfully configured.
I've also encountered this problem while installing updates on Ubuntu 18.04.2.
Digging a bit into into the postinst script I've discovered that the failure for me came from the script /usr/share/ grub/grub- check-signature s (from the grub-common package). There, mokutil is called which fails for me since the mokutil package isn't installed. I think this is a missing dependency of the grub-common package. After installing mokutil, the errors about dpkg --configure configure failing vanished and for me the packages grub-efi-amd64, grub-efi- amd64-signed and grub-efi packages were successfully configured.