According to the info on https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2-signed/+bug/2038401 which is related but not a duplicate (different OS version), it could be caused by you not having a /boot/efi partition (see Df.txt)
I also notice mount: /var/lib/grub/esp: special device /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-nvme.144d-533237574e583048373038303139-53414d53554e47204d5a564c56323536484348502d3030304c32-00000001-part1 does not exist
in your report
According to the info on https:/ /bugs.launchpad .net/ubuntu/ +source/ grub2-signed/ +bug/2038401 which is related but not a duplicate (different OS version), it could be caused by you not having a /boot/efi partition (see Df.txt)
I also notice by-id/nvme- nvme.144d- 533237574e58304 8373038303139- 53414d53554e472 04d5a564c563235 36484348502d303 0304c32- 00000001- part1 does not exist
mount: /var/lib/grub/esp: special device /dev/disk/
in your report