I have now tried using the Adwaita theme with ubuntu-session and could still reproduce the behaviour. Again, it doesn't happen (didn't happen yet) with gnome-session.
Locking and unlocking does work similarly to ctrl-alt-F1, even better: the dock isn't glitched when using it. However, e.g. my notification icons are still gone when returning to the desktop.
I have now tried using the Adwaita theme with ubuntu-session and could still reproduce the behaviour. Again, it doesn't happen (didn't happen yet) with gnome-session.
Locking and unlocking does work similarly to ctrl-alt-F1, even better: the dock isn't glitched when using it. However, e.g. my notification icons are still gone when returning to the desktop.