You are right, this is exactly the problem.
I added the line
/usr/local/texlive/** rux,
to my /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.bin.evince and now it works.
But I still think that preventing evince to execute local commands from a local installation of texlive is still a bug (an important one, given how old texlive is in Ubuntu distribution :-P).
You are right, this is exactly the problem.
I added the line
/usr/local/ texlive/ ** rux,
to my /etc/apparmor. d/local/ usr.bin. evince and now it works.
But I still think that preventing evince to execute local commands from a local installation of texlive is still a bug (an important one, given how old texlive is in Ubuntu distribution :-P).
Thanks for you help!