Comment 2 for bug 1035615

The "Dmesg.txt" log shows that the error occurred because your hard drive seems to be faulty:
[ 111.908844] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 111.908854] ata1.00: BMDMA stat 0x25
[ 111.908863] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
[ 111.908881] ata1.00: cmd ca/00:20:19:60:9a/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 0 dma 16384 out
[ 111.908885] res 51/04:20:19:60:1a/00:00:00:00:00/62 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[ 111.908894] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 111.908900] ata1.00: error: { ABRT }

For this reason, the kernel is unable to read some data from the drive and returns an error to the "ldconfig" program (called while installing packages), which in turn segfaults.

Please make a backup immediately, then test your hard drive according to your manufacturer's instructions - since your drive seems to be a Seagate one, use a SeaTools boot floppy or CD (http://www.seagate.com/support/downloads/seatools/) and execute a long test. If any bad clusters are found, you should consider replacing the drive. Make also sure that all the cables connecting your hard drive to the motherboard are firmly in place.

Do tell me the results of the test, so I can determine if the issue was caused by your hard disk.