This happened to me in 14.04 when a key broke on my portable. I first messed up by using passwd in terminal since it is the more common command (historically) and then I noticed the home directory still used the old password as described in this old bug. After a recovery (replace shadow and passwd files with older versions) I figured I had to use the built in unity gui for changing the password. However, as Mike noted it only changes the login password (separate but related bug). Useless!
This happened to me in 14.04 when a key broke on my portable. I first messed up by using passwd in terminal since it is the more common command (historically) and then I noticed the home directory still used the old password as described in this old bug. After a recovery (replace shadow and passwd files with older versions) I figured I had to use the built in unity gui for changing the password. However, as Mike noted it only changes the login password (separate but related bug). Useless!