Comment 4 for bug 2051457

There may be a few issues involved here.
Hardware RTX3080, driver Nvidia 535.146.06? and 535.154.05
1) Phasing of the Nvidia drivers. When the hwe package update to the 6.5 kernel occurred, Nvidia package(s) were held back due to phasing. The Nvidia module could not be built, so black screen. Fall back to the older 6.2 kernel, of course still worked.
2) Source of the Nvidia modules and script/build files. With only the standard repos (no graphics-drivers ppa), forcing the held-back phased Nvidia packages worked, and the Nvidia module build successfully. Only after seeing this problem, looking around, I see gcc-12 is installed, but not manually by me. The apt list output shows an automatic installation:
$ apt list g{cc,++}-*{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} --installed
Listing... Done
g++-10/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed]
g++-11/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed,automatic]
gcc-10/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed,automatic]
gcc-11/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed,automatic]
gcc-12/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed,automatic]
gcc-9/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 9.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64 [installed,automatic]

I presume if the Nvidia modules were not phased, and installed with the 6.5 kernel, the gcc-12 would have been downloaded too, and everything would work as expected. The only manual action I took was to add the option to the upgrade: sudo apt -o APT::Get::Always-Include-Phased-Updates=true upgrade

I don't see any depends or reverse depends on the kernel or Nvidia packages which would explain how the gcc-12 showed up, so maybe in some install script.