I think the bug is still present in 13.04 as well as in 13.10 beta.
I manged to get things working, and found the source of the problem: the search.fs_uuid set in EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg on the UEFI system partition is not correct, as it does not relate to the root fs.
So I had to boot from a rescue disk, open a shell on my target root filesystem, get its UUID with bkid, mount /boot/efi and edit grub.gcf with the right UUID. After that, things worked.
I also used dd to clone the ESP on the second disk of the raid to be able to boot in case one of them fails...
So I think the bug is when picking the UUID of the root fs when generating the /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg file.
I think the bug is still present in 13.04 as well as in 13.10 beta.
I manged to get things working, and found the source of the problem: the search.fs_uuid set in EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg on the UEFI system partition is not correct, as it does not relate to the root fs.
So I had to boot from a rescue disk, open a shell on my target root filesystem, get its UUID with bkid, mount /boot/efi and edit grub.gcf with the right UUID. After that, things worked.
I also used dd to clone the ESP on the second disk of the raid to be able to boot in case one of them fails...
So I think the bug is when picking the UUID of the root fs when generating the /boot/efi/ EFI/ubuntu/ grub.cfg file.