Your dmesg output reveals a segfault in libc-2.11.1.so, part of the libc6 package, moving ...
This most probably prevents your system from reporting the printer correctly to system-config-printer and so system-config-printer does not find it.
Note also that USB-Parrallel adapters often do not pass through the information about manufacturer and model of the printer, so that even without this segfault you have to choose make and model manually.
Your dmesg output reveals a segfault in libc-2.11.1.so, part of the libc6 package, moving ...
This most probably prevents your system from reporting the printer correctly to system- config- printer and so system- config- printer does not find it.
Note also that USB-Parrallel adapters often do not pass through the information about manufacturer and model of the printer, so that even without this segfault you have to choose make and model manually.