The problem really is isolated to gnome-keyring (as OP and others stated).
Here's my workaround for Chrome... it might help others (like Photon). But in the end it is only a workaround. It does demonstrate that if you bypass the display manager (lightdm, gdm) triggering the gnome-keyring for you, everything works great.
By having a session not orchestrated by a display manager, apps work correctly:
The problem really is isolated to gnome-keyring (as OP and others stated).
Here's my workaround for Chrome... it might help others (like Photon). But in the end it is only a workaround. It does demonstrate that if you bypass the display manager (lightdm, gdm) triggering the gnome-keyring for you, everything works great.
By having a session not orchestrated by a display manager, apps work correctly:
$ ssh -X localhost
$ google-chrome &