Video creation date / time is incorrectly detected when downloading from DJI Mavic 2 drone

[Mark Burgess]

When downloading photos, the correct date and timestamps are detected. However, when downloading videos it appears that the 'File Modification Date/Time' EXIF tag is being used and the GMT offset is being added to the date and time stamps.
Perhaps this is an issue for

e.g. in the following video file the date / time is detected as 2019:01:31 / 01:52 am instead of 2019:01:30 16:52

exiftool DJI_0VID.MP4
ExifTool Version Number : 10.80
File Name : DJI_0VID.MP4
Directory : .
File Size : 80 MB
File Modification Date/Time : 2019:01:30 16:52:44+09:00
File Access Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:01+09:00
File Inode Change Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:01+09:00
File Permissions : rwxr-xr-x
File Type : MP4
File Type Extension : mp4
MIME Type : video/mp4
Major Brand : MP4 Base Media v1 [IS0 14496-12:2003]
Minor Version : 0.2.0
Compatible Brands : isom, iso2, avc1, mp41
Movie Data Size : 83754120
Movie Data Offset : 48
Movie Header Version : 0
Create Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Modify Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Time Scale : 1000
Duration : 6.71 s
Preferred Rate : 1
Preferred Volume : 100.00%
Preview Time : 0 s
Preview Duration : 0 s
Poster Time : 0 s
Selection Time : 0 s
Selection Duration : 0 s
Current Time : 0 s
Next Track ID : 2
Track Header Version : 0
Track Create Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Track Modify Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Track ID : 1
Track Duration : 6.71 s
Track Layer : 0
Track Volume : 0.00%
Matrix Structure : 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Image Width : 3840
Image Height : 2160
Media Header Version : 0
Media Create Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Media Modify Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
Media Time Scale : 30000
Media Duration : 6.71 s
Media Language Code : und
Handler Description : VideoHandler
Graphics Mode : srcCopy
Op Color : 0 0 0
Compressor ID : avc1
Source Image Width : 3840
Source Image Height : 2160
X Resolution : 72
Y Resolution : 72
Bit Depth : 24
Video Frame Rate : 29.97
Handler Type : Metadata
Handler Vendor ID : Apple
Encoder : Lavf56.15.102
Avg Bitrate : 99.9 Mbps
Image Size : 3840x2160
Megapixels : 8.3
Rotation : 0

Still photos taken with the same device are detected correctly...

ExifTool Version Number : 10.80
File Name : DJI_PHOTO.jpg
Directory : .
File Size : 3.4 MB
File Modification Date/Time : 2019:01:27 17:57:06+09:00
File Access Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:36+09:00
File Inode Change Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:12+09:00
File Permissions : rw-rw-r--
File Type : JPEG
File Type Extension : jpg
MIME Type : image/jpeg
Exif Byte Order : Little-endian (Intel, II)
Make : Hasselblad
Camera Model Name : L1D-20c
Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
X Resolution : 300
Y Resolution : 300
Resolution Unit : inches
Software : Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Windows)
Modify Date : 2019:01:27 17:57:02
Exposure Time : 1/320
F Number : 4.5
Exposure Program : Aperture-priority AE
ISO : 100
Exif Version : 0230
Date/Time Original : 2019:01:27 11:14:10
Create Date : 2019:01:27 11:14:10
Shutter Speed Value : 1/320
Aperture Value : 4.5
Exposure Compensation : +0.7
Max Aperture Value : 2.8
Metering Mode : Center-weighted average
Light Source : Daylight
Flash : No Flash
Focal Length : 10.3 mm
Color Space : Uncalibrated
Exif Image Width : 5464
Exif Image Height : 3640
File Source : Digital Camera
Scene Type : Directly photographed
Exposure Mode : Auto
White Balance : Auto
Digital Zoom Ratio : 1
Focal Length In 35mm Format : 28 mm
Scene Capture Type : Standard
Gain Control : None
Contrast : Normal
Saturation : Normal
Sharpness : Normal
Serial Number : 0K8TFA90025192
Lens Info : 28mm f/2.8-11
Lens Model : 28.0 mm f/2.8
GPS Version ID : 2.3.0.0
GPS Latitude Ref : North
GPS Longitude Ref : East
GPS Altitude Ref : Above Sea Level
Compression : JPEG (old-style)
Thumbnail Offset : 1034
Thumbnail Length : 2350
Current IPTC Digest : 15f5b04d18f28bf60cccb4f4887b68ce
Application Record Version : 0
Time Created : 11:14:10+00:00
IPTC Digest : 15f5b04d18f28bf60cccb4f4887b68ce
Displayed Units X : inches
Displayed Units Y : inches
Print Style : Centered
Print Position : 0 0
Print Scale : 1
Global Angle : 30
Global Altitude : 30
URL List :
Slices Group Name : DJI_0302
Num Slices : 1
Pixel Aspect Ratio : 1
Photoshop Thumbnail : (Binary data 2350 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Has Real Merged Data : Yes
Writer Name : Adobe Photoshop
Reader Name : Adobe Photoshop CC 2019
Photoshop Quality : 9
Photoshop Format : Standard
Progressive Scans : 3 Scans
XMP Toolkit : Adobe XMP Core 5.6-c145 79.163499, 2018/08/13-16:40:22
Creator Tool : 10.00.08.17
Rating : 0
Metadata Date : 2019:01:27 17:57:02+09:00
Format : image/jpeg
Latitude : +36.1061814
Longitude : +138.2354787
Absolute Altitude : +1583.03
Relative Altitude : +172.10
Gimbal Roll Degree : +0.00
Gimbal Yaw Degree : +94.70
Gimbal Pitch Degree : -90.00
Flight Roll Degree : -1.20
Flight Yaw Degree : +94.10
Flight Pitch Degree : +0.40
Cam Reverse : 0
Gimbal Reverse : 0
Self Data : DJI Self data
Lens : 28.0 mm f/2.8
Distortion Correction Already Applied: True
Lateral Chromatic Aberration Correction Already Applied: True
Date Created : 2019:01:27 11:14:10
Color Mode : RGB
ICC Profile Name : Adobe RGB (1998)
Document ID : adobe:docid:photoshop:5b1ecba6-4edd-7e4f-b812-da2a6921095b
Original Document ID : 61EE7951D66E932F615BE0FBDDBBFD01
Instance ID : xmp.iid:c274aaf2-5050-fb40-bb52-40531d0b329c
Version : 11.1
Process Version : 11.0
Color Temperature : 5650
Tint : +29
Luminance Smoothing : 0
Color Noise Reduction : 25
Vignette Amount : 0
Shadow Tint : 0
Red Hue : 0
Red Saturation : 0
Green Hue : 0
Green Saturation : 0
Blue Hue : 0
Blue Saturation : 0
Vibrance : +10
Hue Adjustment Red : 0
Hue Adjustment Orange : 0
Hue Adjustment Yellow : 0
Hue Adjustment Green : 0
Hue Adjustment Aqua : 0
Hue Adjustment Blue : 0
Hue Adjustment Purple : 0
Hue Adjustment Magenta : 0
Saturation Adjustment Red : 0
Saturation Adjustment Orange : 0
Saturation Adjustment Yellow : 0
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Saturation Adjustment Aqua : 0
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Saturation Adjustment Purple : 0
Saturation Adjustment Magenta : 0
Luminance Adjustment Red : 0
Luminance Adjustment Orange : 0
Luminance Adjustment Yellow : 0
Luminance Adjustment Green : 0
Luminance Adjustment Aqua : 0
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Luminance Adjustment Magenta : 0
Split Toning Shadow Hue : 0
Split Toning Shadow Saturation : 0
Split Toning Highlight Hue : 0
Split Toning Highlight Saturation: 0
Split Toning Balance : 0
Parametric Shadows : 0
Parametric Darks : 0
Parametric Lights : 0
Parametric Highlights : 0
Parametric Shadow Split : 25
Parametric Midtone Split : 50
Parametric Highlight Split : 75
Sharpen Radius : +0.8
Sharpen Detail : 25
Sharpen Edge Masking : 0
Post Crop Vignette Amount : 0
Grain Amount : 0
Color Noise Reduction Detail : 50
Color Noise Reduction Smoothness: 50
Lens Profile Enable : 1
Lens Manual Distortion Amount : 0
Perspective Vertical : 0
Perspective Horizontal : 0
Perspective Rotate : 0.0
Perspective Scale : 100
Perspective Aspect : 0
Perspective Upright : 0
Perspective X : 0.00
Perspective Y : 0.00
Auto Lateral CA : 0
Exposure 2012 : 0.00
Contrast 2012 : 0
Highlights 2012 : 0
Shadows 2012 : -1
Whites 2012 : +60
Blacks 2012 : -20
Clarity 2012 : +13
Defringe Purple Amount : 0
Defringe Purple Hue Lo : 30
Defringe Purple Hue Hi : 70
Defringe Green Amount : 0
Defringe Green Hue Lo : 40
Defringe Green Hue Hi : 60
Dehaze : 0
Tone Map Strength : 0
Convert To Grayscale : False
Override Look Vignette : False
Tone Curve Name : Medium Contrast
Tone Curve Name 2012 : Linear
Camera Profile : Embedded
Camera Profile Digest : DF324BBF445C7544EDF274EA23D5513A
Lens Profile Setup : LensDefaults
Upright Version : 151388160
Upright Center Mode : 0
Upright Center Norm X : 0.5
Upright Center Norm Y : 0.5
Upright Focal Mode : 0
Upright Focal Length 35mm : 35
Upright Preview : False
Upright Transform Count : 6
Upright Four Segments Count : 0
Has Settings : True
Has Crop : False
Already Applied : True
Raw File Name : DJI_0302.DNG
History Action : saved, derived, saved, saved, converted, derived, saved
History Instance ID : xmp.iid:d5991726-1e4a-3743-b2ee-7775a51fbb11, xmp.iid:e7e995d7-161f-e340-bd5b-f75d6b094973, xmp.iid:459f45bd-3fc0-2b48-b5a5-cac9e895ec2f, xmp.iid:c274aaf2-5050-fb40-bb52-40531d0b329c
History When : 2019:01:27 17:34:34+09:00, 2019:01:27 17:56:24+09:00, 2019:01:27 17:57:02+09:00, 2019:01:27 17:57:02+09:00
History Software Agent : Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 11.1 (Windows), Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 11.1 (Windows), Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Windows), Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Windows)
History Changed : /metadata, /, /, /
History Parameters : converted from image/dng to image/tiff, from image/tiff to image/jpeg, converted from image/tiff to image/jpeg
Derived From Instance ID : xmp.iid:459f45bd-3fc0-2b48-b5a5-cac9e895ec2f
Derived From Document ID : xmp.did:e7e995d7-161f-e340-bd5b-f75d6b094973
Derived From Original Document ID: 61EE7951D66E932F615BE0FBDDBBFD01
Tone Curve : 0, 0, 32, 22, 64, 56, 128, 128, 192, 196, 255, 255
Tone Curve Red : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve Green : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve Blue : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve PV2012 : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve PV2012 Red : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve PV2012 Green : 0, 0, 255, 255
Tone Curve PV2012 Blue : 0, 0, 255, 255
Profile CMM Type : Adobe Systems Inc.
Profile Version : 2.1.0
Profile Class : Display Device Profile
Color Space Data : RGB
Profile Connection Space : XYZ
Profile Date Time : 1999:06:03 00:00:00
Profile File Signature : acsp
Primary Platform : Apple Computer Inc.
CMM Flags : Not Embedded, Independent
Device Manufacturer : none
Device Model :
Device Attributes : Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color
Rendering Intent : Perceptual
Connection Space Illuminant : 0.9642 1 0.82491
Profile Creator : Adobe Systems Inc.
Profile ID : 0
Profile Copyright : Copyright 1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated
Profile Description : Adobe RGB (1998)
Media White Point : 0.95045 1 1.08905
Media Black Point : 0 0 0
Red Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 14 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Green Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 14 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Blue Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 14 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Red Matrix Column : 0.60974 0.31111 0.01947
Green Matrix Column : 0.20528 0.62567 0.06087
Blue Matrix Column : 0.14919 0.06322 0.74457
DCT Encode Version : 100
APP14 Flags 0 : [14]
APP14 Flags 1 : (none)
Color Transform : YCbCr
Image Width : 5464
Image Height : 3640
Encoding Process : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
Bits Per Sample : 8
Color Components : 3
Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling : YCbCr4:4:4 (1 1)
Aperture : 4.5
Date/Time Created : 2019:01:27 11:14:10+00:00
GPS Altitude : 1583 m Above Sea Level
GPS Latitude : 36 deg 6' 22.25" N
GPS Longitude : 138 deg 14' 7.72" E
GPS Position : 36 deg 6' 22.25" N, 138 deg 14' 7.72" E
Image Size : 5464x3640
Megapixels : 19.9
Scale Factor To 35 mm Equivalent: 2.7
Shutter Speed : 1/320
Thumbnail Image : (Binary data 2350 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Circle Of Confusion : 0.011 mm
Field Of View : 65.5 deg
Focal Length : 10.3 mm (35 mm equivalent: 28.0 mm)
Hyperfocal Distance : 2.12 m
Light Value : 12.7

[Damon Lynch (dlynch3)]

Create a test video on the drone that is a few seconds long. Make its content be of something be of something completely benign, i.e. no problems with privacy or copyright etc. Do not modify the file in any manner, at all (very important). Attach it to the bug report. Thanks.

[Mark Burgess (tateshina)]

Hi - test video attached....

[Damon Lynch (dlynch3)]

From the log file:

"pymediainfo is installed, but the library libmediainfo appears to be missing"

sudo apt install libmediainfo0v5

And report back if it works.

[Mark Burgess (tateshina)]

libmediainfo0v5 was already installed....

apt list|grep libmediainfo

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

libmediainfo-dev/bionic,now 17.12-1build1 amd64 [installed]
libmediainfo-doc/bionic,bionic 17.12-1build1 all
libmediainfo0v5/bionic,now 17.12-1build1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

sudo apt install libmediainfo0v5
[sudo] password for mburgess:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libmediainfo0v5 is already the newest version (17.12-1build1).
libmediainfo0v5 set to manually installed.

[Damon Lynch (dlynch3)]

Ahh yes, now I see from further in the log that when you upgraded to 0.9.13, the install script installed the missing libmediainfo package.

Did you record the sample video on Feb 1 08:54:14? In other words, can you confirm that the drone recorded that date time correctly?

[Mark Burgess (tateshina)]

Yes I did record that video and can confirm that the drone had correct
time. Still photos uploaded correctly again but the time on the video
upload was 9 hours in the future.

On 2 February 2019 10:00:50 am Damon Lynch <email address hidden> wrote:

> Ahh yes, now I see from further in the log that when you upgraded to
> 0.9.13, the install script installed the missing libmediainfo package.
>
> Did you record the sample video on Feb 1 08:54:14? In other words, can
> you confirm that the drone recorded that date time correctly?
>
> --
> You received this bug notification because you are subscribed to the bug
> report.
> https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1814014
>
> Title:
> Video creation date / time is incorrectly detected when downloading
> from DJI Mavic 2 drone
>
> Status in Rapid Photo Downloader:
> New
>
> Bug description:
> When downloading photos, the correct date and timestamps are detected.
> However, when downloading videos it appears that the 'File Modification
> Date/Time' EXIF tag is being used and the GMT offset is being added to the
> date and time stamps.
> Perhaps this is an issue for
>
> e.g. in the following video file the date / time is detected as
> 2019:01:31 / 01:52 am instead of 2019:01:30 16:52
>
> exiftool DJI_0VID.MP4
> ExifTool Version Number : 10.80
> File Name : DJI_0VID.MP4
> Directory : .
> File Size : 80 MB
> File Modification Date/Time : 2019:01:30 16:52:44+09:00
> File Access Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:01+09:00
> File Inode Change Date/Time : 2019:01:31 08:57:01+09:00
> File Permissions : rwxr-xr-x
> File Type : MP4
> File Type Extension : mp4
> MIME Type : video/mp4
> Major Brand : MP4 Base Media v1 [IS0 14496-12:2003]
> Minor Version : 0.2.0
> Compatible Brands : isom, iso2, avc1, mp41
> Movie Data Size : 83754120
> Movie Data Offset : 48
> Movie Header Version : 0
> Create Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
> Modify Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
> Time Scale : 1000
> Duration : 6.71 s
> Preferred Rate : 1
> Preferred Volume : 100.00%
> Preview Time : 0 s
> Preview Duration : 0 s
> Poster Time : 0 s
> Selection Time : 0 s
> Selection Duration : 0 s
> Current Time : 0 s
> Next Track ID : 2
> Track Header Version : 0
> Track Create Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
> Track Modify Date : 2019:01:30 16:52:39
> Track ID : 1
> Track Duration : 6.71 s
> Track Layer : 0
> Track Volume : 0.00%
> Matrix Structure : 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
> Image Width : 3840
> Image Height : 2160
> Media Header Version : 0
> Media Cre...

[Damon Lynch (dlynch3)]

Okay, I'll take a look at this when I get the chance later this year. Sorry no time to investigate it now.

[Urs One (utux)]

I can confirm the bug affects me as well using 0.9.15 (and the 0.9.13).

Renamed video after load:
  Jul 20 18:14 20190720-2013-0769.mp4

Original video on SD card:
  Jul 20 18:14 DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0769.MP4

Computer Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)

Metadata original:

$ mediainfo DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0769.MP4
General
Complete name : /media/rsanta/6336-6530/DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0769.MP4
Format : MPEG-4
Format profile : Base Media
Codec ID : isom (isom/iso2/avc1/mp41)
File size : 376 MiB
Duration : 31 s 599 ms
Overall bit rate : 99.9 Mb/s
Encoded date : UTC 2019-07-20 18:13:52
Tagged date : UTC 2019-07-20 18:13:52
Writing application : Lavf56.15.102

Video
ID : 1
Format : AVC
Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile : <email address hidden>
Format settings : CABAC / 1 Ref Frames
Format settings, CABAC : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames : 1 frame
Format settings, GOP : M=1, N=29
Codec ID : avc1
Codec ID/Info : Advanced Video Coding
Duration : 31 s 599 ms
Bit rate : 99.9 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 29.970 (30000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 8 bits
Scan type : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.402
Stream size : 376 MiB (100%)
Encoded date : UTC 2019-07-20 18:13:52
Tagged date : UTC 2019-07-20 18:13:52

Metadata did not change after loading:

$ diff original-meta loaded-meta
2c2
< Complete name : DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0769.MP4
---
> Complete name : 20190720-2013-0769.mp4

Crosscheck EXIF info of previous still photo:
('mediainfo' does not show image timestamp, using 'exiv2')

$ exiv2 DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0768.JPG
File name : DCIM/100MEDIA/DJI_0768.JPG
File size : 7348791 Bytes
MIME type : image/jpeg
Image size : 4000 x 3000
Camera make : DJI
Camera model : FC2204
Image timestamp : 2019:07:20 18:13:24
Image number :
Exposure time : 1/1600 s
Aperture : F2.8
Exposure bias : 0 EV
Flash : No flash
Flash bias :
Focal length : 4.4 mm (35 mm equivalent: 24.0 mm)
Subject distance:
ISO speed : 100
Exposure mode : Auto
Metering mode : Center weighted average...

[Robert Smith (robsmithy)]

Same for me on an up-to-date OpenSuSE Tumbleweed. I had 0.9.26 installed from the OpenSuSE repos and encountered the bug. I removed the package and installed via the script from the RPD website. I still encounter this bug. I am downloading videos via PTP from an LG-H850 phone.

Oddly I had 0.9.26 installed on Ubuntu 20.10 and it was working fine (actually I preserved the Ubuntu install as a VM before switching to SuSE - I've just fired up the VM and tested, definitely still working fine there).

I am using identical RPD config files (copied over from the old system to the new one).

[Robert Smith (robsmithy)]

Actually it's not working properly on Ubuntu either, I should be more wary of testing and making assertions at 2am ;-)

Reviewing the output from 0.9.26 on Ubuntu again, two of the videos has been correctly renamed which is what fooled me. The others however are incorrectly named from the date/time of import.

This makes me wonder how long the bug has been present - in the past I have been importing more frequently, which would make it easier to overlook this bug. I may try to downgrade RPD to see if earlier versions were working correctly.

[Robert Smith (robsmithy)]

I didn't have much luck downgrading to 0.9.1, due to dependency issues with pymq. However I did some more checks on the imported files. From the logs, it appears that metadatavideo.py is failing to find the date/time in the videos, so RPD is falling back on exiftool. I ran the following script to view the metadata of the imported files:

for i in $(find <import_directory_name> -name "*.mp4"); do echo $i; exiftool -time:all -g1 -a -s $i; done

This appeared to confirm that the videos' metadata was as shown in RPD. However running the same script on the original video files shows correct metadata with accurate timestamps for the date/time the video was taken.

Could the importance of this bug be raised to a higher level, as it appears to be rather more serious than the original report suggests? If the video metadata is being stripped that's quite destructive and cannot be recovered.

[Damon Lynch (dlynch3)]

Robert, I wonder if you are mistaken about how Rapid Photo Downloader determines video metadata. It never reads the metadata directly itself. It always relies on two external programs for videos: mediainfo, and ExifTool. These two programs don't always return the correct results. Sometimes Rapid Photo Downloader has to choose between them.

If neither of those two programs can correctly read the video metadata, then there is nothing Rapid Photo Downloader can do.

Furthermore, unlike with photos, metadata standards in video files are relatively chaotic and can be prone to error. The problem is there are vendor driven standards, rather than industry wide standards like Exif that everyone follows

Incidentally neither ExifTool nor mediainfo modify a file when merely reading its metadata!! Rapid Photo Downloader does not either!! So I have literally no idea what you are referring to when you claim metadata is being "stripped".

[Robert Smith (robsmithy)]

Hi Damon,

My apologies, it appears that once again I should have heeded my own advice re. drawing conclusions in the small hours of the morning. I have had more time to look at this and I think I was looking at files that had been produced by a third party post-processing app, not the camera, which already had metadata zeroed out. I should have waited and double-checked before casting aspersions.

It seems an opportune moment to say that I think RPD is a brilliant piece of software that has no equal on other platforms ( I've looked :-) ). Many thanks for creating and sharing it.

Back on the original bug, the issue appears to have started occurring for me since switching from OpenCamera to GoogleCamera/GCam sometime in January. The videos do have the date shot embedded, which can be found using the command:

     exiftool -time:all -g1 -a -s $filename

I assume RPD is pulling the date shot from another field that is not listed, could you enlighten me as to which one? The attached file shows the exiftool output for all my videos shot in January and February. The names are produced by RPD. In the case of 01January/20210114-012508.mp4, RPD is successfully finding a (presumably correct) date but it is not from the fields listed by exiftool.

In the case of the files from February, many have correct timestamps found by exiftool but these are ignored by RPD in favour of the file modified date.