Root cause of the problem is missed firewall rules for docker. The following Docker-related rules should be in firewall:
*nat :DOCKER - [0:0] -A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.0/8 -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DOCKER -A POSTROUTING -s 172.17.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
*filter :DOCKER - [0:0] -A FORWARD -o docker0 -j DOCKER -A FORWARD -o docker0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i docker0 ! -o docker0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j ACCEPT
Root cause of the problem is missed firewall rules for docker. The following Docker-related rules should be in firewall:
*nat
:DOCKER - [0:0]
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.0/8 -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DOCKER
-A POSTROUTING -s 172.17.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
*filter
:DOCKER - [0:0]
-A FORWARD -o docker0 -j DOCKER
-A FORWARD -o docker0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i docker0 ! -o docker0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j ACCEPT