And, after 18 hours+, I was able to archive a ZFS snapshot, using BorgBackup, with the WBT settings, suggested, earlier: tyson@ubuntu:~$ sudo zfs send Yaesu@Crucial-2TB-1951E22FA633 | borg create --stats BorgStore::Yaesu@Crucial-2TB-1951E22FA633 - ^[[A^[[A------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Archive name: Yaesu@Crucial-2TB-1951E22FA633 Archive fingerprint: 32d64e2a13eb543e4846cc34ac2c3609fe192127e3bf6d324a0fa9d61b988c19 Time (start): Tue, 2020-10-13 15:49:51 Time (end): Wed, 2020-10-14 10:01:46 Duration: 18 hours 11 minutes 54.87 seconds Number of files: 1 Utilization of max. archive size: 0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size This archive: 1.89 TB 1.75 TB 617.36 GB All archives: 7.44 TB 5.87 TB 1.99 TB Unique chunks Total chunks Chunk index: 842436 2607257 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The "dmesg" log is clean, too: tyson@ubuntu:~$ dmesg [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x410fd083] [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0-1018-raspi (buildd@bos02-arm64-052) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-10ubuntu2)) #20-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 6 05:11:16 UTC 2020 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-1018.20-raspi 5.4.55) [ 0.000000] Machine model: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4 [ 0.000000] efi: Getting EFI parameters from FDT: [ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found. [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x000000002c000000, size 64 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node linux,cma, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 2061312 [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 3792 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 0 pages reserved [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 242688 pages, LIFO batch:63 [ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 12288 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 770048 pages, LIFO batch:63 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 16384 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 1048576 pages, LIFO batch:63 [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 32 pages/cpu s92120 r8192 d30760 u131072 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s92120 r8192 d30760 u131072 alloc=32*4096 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3 [ 0.000000] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU0 [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: EL2 vector hardening [ 0.000000] CPU features: kernel page table isolation forced ON by KASLR [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Kernel page table isolation (KPTI) [ 0.000000] ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1 missing from firmware [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 2028848 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: coherent_pool=1M 8250.nr_uarts=1 snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1 snd_bcm2835.enable_headphones=1 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=0 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=0 bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1 smsc95xx.macaddr=DC:A6:32:B8:1A:28 vc_mem.mem_base=0x3ec00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x40000000 net.ifnames=0 dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty1 root=LABEL=writable rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait fixrtc quiet splash [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off [ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x37400000-0x3b400000] (64MB) [ 0.000000] Memory: 7898140K/8245248K available (11772K kernel code, 1236K rwdata, 4244K rodata, 6144K init, 1076K bss, 281572K reserved, 65536K cma-reserved) [ 0.000000] random: get_random_u64 called from kmem_cache_open+0x38/0x3e0 with crng_init=0 [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] ftrace: allocating 39001 entries in 153 pages [ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] Tasks RCU enabled. [ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0 [ 0.000000] GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode [ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 54.00MHz (phys). [ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0xc743ce346, max_idle_ns: 440795203123 ns [ 0.000005] sched_clock: 56 bits at 54MHz, resolution 18ns, wraps every 4398046511102ns [ 0.000200] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.000221] printk: console [tty1] enabled [ 0.000273] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 108.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=216000) [ 0.000288] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.000495] LSM: Security Framework initializing [ 0.000543] Yama: becoming mindful. [ 0.000631] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized [ 0.000875] Mount-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear) [ 0.000961] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear) [ 0.001026] *** VALIDATE tmpfs *** [ 0.001632] *** VALIDATE proc *** [ 0.002150] Disabling memory control group subsystem [ 0.002218] *** VALIDATE cgroup1 *** [ 0.002228] *** VALIDATE cgroup2 *** [ 0.003429] ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries [ 0.003591] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation. [ 0.005624] EFI services will not be available. [ 0.006427] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ... [ 0.007280] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU1 [ 0.007335] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x410fd083] [ 0.008377] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU2 [ 0.008415] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x410fd083] [ 0.009370] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU3 [ 0.009406] CPU3: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000003 [0x410fd083] [ 0.009546] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs [ 0.009555] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated. [ 0.009564] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support [ 0.009574] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions [ 0.017157] CPU features: emulated: Privileged Access Never (PAN) using TTBR0_EL1 switching [ 0.017166] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL2 [ 0.017239] alternatives: patching kernel code [ 0.019244] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.028419] Enabled cp15_barrier support [ 0.028445] Enabled setend support [ 0.028908] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns [ 0.028929] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear) [ 0.030929] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 0.031535] DMI not present or invalid. [ 0.032220] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.034585] DMA: preallocated 1024 KiB pool for atomic allocations [ 0.034603] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled) [ 0.034857] audit: type=2000 audit(0.032:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1 [ 0.035349] cpuidle: using governor ladder [ 0.035382] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 0.035848] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers. [ 0.036171] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver [ 0.038724] bcm2835-mbox fe00b880.mailbox: mailbox enabled [ 0.052131] raspberrypi-firmware soc:firmware: Attached to firmware from 2020-06-01 13:23, variant start [ 0.056141] raspberrypi-firmware soc:firmware: Firmware hash is 6379679d1ec6a8c746d7e77e015f5b56b939976f [ 0.096220] bcm2835-dma fe007000.dma: DMA legacy API manager, dmachans=0x1 [ 0.098992] iommu: Default domain type: Translated [ 0.100126] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.100600] libata version 3.00 loaded. [ 0.100820] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.100861] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.100932] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.101284] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered [ 0.101292] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti