Ubuntu 16.04: Can't install 'ubuntu-desktop' error during a partial upgrade of the system

[Václav Pavlík]

Every time I try an upgrade, it shows a window that says:
<Cannot install all the updates and a partial distribution upgrade is necessary.>
However, after proceeding, the error pops out, saying:
<Can't install 'ubuntu-desktop'. Run 'ubuntu-bug ubuntu-release-upgrader-core' in the terminal.>
I looked on this website and there are quite a few of these bugs reported until last year, yet no one has been solved.

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 16.04
Package: ubuntu-release-upgrader-core 1:16.04.22
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.4.0-91.114-generic 4.4.76
Uname: Linux 4.4.0-91-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.10
Architecture: amd64
CrashDB: ubuntu
CurrentDesktop: Unity
Date: Thu Sep 14 10:48:21 2017
InstallationDate: Installed on 2016-07-13 (427 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS "Xenial Xerus" - Release amd64 (20160420.1)
PackageArchitecture: all
SourcePackage: ubuntu-release-upgrader
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
VarLogDistupgradeTermlog:

[Launchpad Janitor (janitor)]

Status changed to 'Confirmed' because the bug affects multiple users.

[Hunter Murphy (w84me2rise)]

I am having this same problem. I am a newbie to Linux and to computing, as a whole. Please refer to the most "beginner-friendly" fix/guide to this issue.