Happening for me on 12.10:

After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up rabbitmq-server (2.8.4-1) ...
 * Starting message broker rabbitmq-server                                       * FAILED - check /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_\{log, _err\}
                                                                         [fail]
invoke-rc.d: initscript rabbitmq-server, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing rabbitmq-server (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 rabbitmq-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up rabbitmq-server (2.8.4-1) ...
 * Starting message broker rabbitmq-server                                       * FAILED - check /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_\{log, _err\}
                                                                         [fail]
invoke-rc.d: initscript rabbitmq-server, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing rabbitmq-server (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 rabbitmq-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


Exception from log:

daz@daz:~/agility/collector/ddl$ cat /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_*

Crash dump was written to: erl_crash.dump
Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) ({application_start_failure,rabbit,{bad_return,{{rabbit,start,[normal,[]]},{'EXIT',{rabbit,failure_during_boot}}}}})
Activating RabbitMQ plugins ...
0 plugins activated:


+---+   +---+
|   |   |   |
|   |   |   |
|   |   |   |
|   +---+   +-------+
|                   |
| RabbitMQ  +---+   |
|           |   |   |
|   v2.8.4  +---+   |
|                   |
+-------------------+
AMQP 0-9-1 / 0-9 / 0-8
Copyright (C) 2007-2012 VMware, Inc.
Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/

node           : rabbit@daz
app descriptor : /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-2.8.4/sbin/../ebin/rabbit.app
home dir       : /var/lib/rabbitmq
config file(s) : (none)
cookie hash    : HhvK5geb3Nq/ypNKRomYig==
log            : /<email address hidden>
sasl log       : /<email address hidden>
database dir   : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@daz
erlang version : 5.9.1

-- rabbit boot start
starting file handle cache server                                     ...done
starting worker pool                                                  ...done
starting database                                                     ...done
starting database sync                                                ...done
starting codec correctness check                                      ...done
-- external infrastructure ready
starting plugin registry                                              ...done
starting auth mechanism cr-demo                                       ...done
starting auth mechanism amqplain                                      ...done
starting auth mechanism plain                                         ...done
starting statistics event manager                                     ...done
starting logging server                                               ...done
starting exchange type direct                                         ...done
starting exchange type fanout                                         ...done
starting exchange type headers                                        ...done
starting exchange type topic                                          ...done
-- kernel ready
starting alarm handler                                                ...done
starting node monitor                                                 ...done
starting cluster delegate                                             ...done
starting guid generator                                               ...done
starting memory monitor                                               ...done
-- core initialized
starting empty DB check                                               ...done
starting exchange, queue and binding recovery                         ...done
starting mirror queue slave sup                                       ...done
starting adding mirrors to queues                                     ...done
-- message delivery logic ready
starting error log relay                                              ...done
starting networking                                                   ...

BOOT FAILED
===========

Error description:
   {could_not_start_tcp_listener,{"::",5672}}

Log files (may contain more information):
   /<email address hidden>
   /<email address hidden>

Stack trace:
   [{rabbit_networking,start_listener0,4,
                       [{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,224}]},
    {rabbit_networking,'-start_listener/4-lc$^0/1-0-',4,
                       [{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,214}]},
    {rabbit_networking,start_listener,4,
                       [{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,214}]},
    {rabbit_networking,'-boot_tcp/0-lc$^0/1-0-',1,
                       [{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,126}]},
    {rabbit_networking,boot_tcp,0,
                       [{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,126}]},
    {rabbit_networking,boot,0,[{file,"src/rabbit_networking.erl"},{line,121}]},
    {rabbit,'-run_boot_step/1-lc$^1/1-1-',1,
            [{file,"src/rabbit.erl"},{line,450}]},
    {rabbit,run_boot_step,1,[{file,"src/rabbit.erl"},{line,449}]}]

{"Kernel pid terminated",application_controller,"{application_start_failure,rabbit,{bad_return,{{rabbit,start,[normal,[]]},{'EXIT',{rabbit,failure_during_boot}}}}}"}
daz@daz: