I read this full issue report and replies and it seems I am experienced an analogous problem. Should I report the details of my case here or open a new issue?

Here are few initial information:

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
Release:	16.04
Codename:	xenial

uname -a:
Linux mangue 4.4.0-42-generic #62-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 7 23:11:45 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

lsusb:
Bus 005 Device 025: ID 04e8:3301 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd ML-1660 Series

/var/log/syslog: (the block below keeps popping out continuously)

Oct 10 20:11:27 mangue kernel: [ 1594.728192] usb 5-2: reset full-speed USB device number 40 using uhci_hcd
Oct 10 20:11:27 mangue kernel: [ 1594.885385] usb 5-2: USB disconnect, device number 40
Oct 10 20:11:27 mangue kernel: [ 1594.885804] usblp1: removed
Oct 10 20:11:27 mangue udev-configure-printer[6009]: remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb5/5-2
Oct 10 20:11:27 mangue kernel: [ 1595.000098] usb 5-2: new full-speed USB device number 41 using uhci_hcd
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.169199] usb 5-2: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=3301
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.169209] usb 5-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.169216] usb 5-2: Product: ML-1660 Series
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.169222] usb 5-2: Manufacturer: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.169227] usb 5-2: SerialNumber: Z5ASBDAZ809914N.
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue kernel: [ 1595.176325] usblp 5-2:1.0: usblp1: USB Bidirectional printer dev 41 if 0 alt 0 proto 2 vid 0x04E8 pid 0x3301
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue mtp-probe: checking bus 5, device 41: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb5/5-2"
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue mtp-probe: bus: 5, device: 41 was not an MTP device
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue udev-configure-printer[5977]: no corresponding CUPS device found
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue systemd[1]: Started Automatic USB/Bluetooth printer setup (-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb5-5\x2d2).
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue systemd[1]: printer.target: Unit not needed anymore. Stopping.
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue systemd[1]: Stopped target Printer.
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue systemd[1]: Starting Automatic USB/Bluetooth printer setup (-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb5-5\x2d2)...
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue systemd[1]: Reached target Printer.
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue udev-configure-printer[6029]: add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb5/5-2
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue udev-configure-printer[6029]: device devpath is /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb5/5-2
Oct 10 20:11:28 mangue udev-configure-printer[6029]: MFG:Samsung MDL:ML-1660 Series SERN:- serial:Z5ASBDAZ809914N.

I am using Unified Linux Driver, from Samsung's HP, since the printer was not able to print without it. After installing it, the printer was automatically discovered and I could print one page. After that, the printer goes automatically to disabled state. Re-enabling it does not work, since it is disable few seconds later.

The printer used to work normally up to last week, when my computer was still running Ubuntu 14.04 (and Samsung Linux Driver).