I had the same problem with linux-image-3.8.0-1--generic.
I solved it with 
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
but this is not a solution to the bug itself


> Message du 02/04/13 18:30
> De : "Joseph Salisbury" 
> A : <email address hidden>
> Copie à : 
> Objet : [Bug 1161306] Re: package linux-image-3.8.0-15-generic (not installed) failed to install/upgrade: subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 128
>

> ** Tags added: kernel-key
> 
> -- 
> You received this bug notification because you are subscribed to the bug
> report.
> https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1161306
> 
> Title:
> package linux-image-3.8.0-15-generic (not installed) failed to
> install/upgrade: subprocess new pre-installation script returned error
> exit status 128
> 
> Status in “dpkg” package in Ubuntu:
> Confirmed
> Status in “linux” package in Ubuntu:
> Confirmed
> 
> Bug description:
> lastest update o 13.04 failed
> 
> ProblemType: Package
> DistroRelease: Ubuntu 13.04
> Package: linux-image-3.8.0-15-generic (not installed)
> ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.8.0-14.24-generic 3.8.4
> Uname: Linux 3.8.0-14-generic x86_64
> ApportVersion: 2.9.2-0ubuntu5
> Architecture: amd64
> AudioDevicesInUse:
> USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
> /dev/snd/controlC1: bfb 2035 F.... pulseaudio
> /dev/snd/controlC0: bfb 2035 F.... pulseaudio
> CurrentDmesg:
> [ 27.058911] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
> [ 27.884860] init: plymouth-stop pre-start process (1402) terminated with status 1
> [ 53.229178] systemd-logind[2186]: New seat seat0.
> [ 53.229369] systemd-logind[2186]: Failed to save seat data for seat0: No such file or directory
> Date: Thu Mar 28 10:59:14 2013
> ErrorMessage: subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 128
> HibernationDevice: RESUME=UUID=0bf6199e-16ca-4386-8155-51f46134aef9
> InstallationDate: Installed on 2012-10-19 (159 days ago)
> InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 12.10 "Quantal Quetzal" - Release amd64 (20121017.5)
> MachineType: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. K53U
> MarkForUpload: True
> ProcFB: 0 radeondrmfb
> ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-14-generic root=UUID=743c3b3f-ab9b-4a3d-aeaa-2a9f00a37950 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
> PulseList: Error: command ['pacmd', 'list'] failed with exit code 1: No PulseAudio daemon running, or not running as session daemon.
> RelatedPackageVersions: grub-pc 2.00-13ubuntu2
> RfKill:
> 0: phy0: Wireless LAN
> Soft blocked: no
> Hard blocked: no
> SourcePackage: linux
> Title: package linux-image-3.8.0-15-generic (not installed) failed to install/upgrade: subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 128
> UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to raring on 2013-03-08 (20 days ago)
> dmi.bios.date: 04/10/2012
> dmi.bios.vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
> dmi.bios.version: 223
> dmi.board.asset.tag: To be filled by O.E.M.
> dmi.board.name: K53U
> dmi.board.vendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
> dmi.board.version: 1.0
> dmi.chassis.asset.tag: No Asset Tag
> dmi.chassis.type: 10
> dmi.chassis.vendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
> dmi.chassis.version: 1.0
> dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnAmericanMegatrendsInc.:bvr223:bd04/10/2012:svnASUSTeKComputerInc.:pnK53U:pvr1.0:rvnASUSTeKComputerInc.:rnK53U:rvr1.0:cvnASUSTeKComputerInc.:ct10:cvr1.0:
> dmi.product.name: K53U
> dmi.product.version: 1.0
> dmi.sys.vendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
> 
> To manage notifications about this bug go to:
> https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dpkg/+bug/1161306/+subscriptions
> 

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