System fails to boot due to I/O errors after kernel update to linux-image-5.13.0-30-generic:amd64 <none> 5.13.0-30.33~20.04.1

[Florian Burger]

After upgrading the kernel from kernel 5.11.0-43 to kernel 5.13.0-30 in Focal, the system stops at different stages of the boot process with error messages concerning the SATA interface with dev sda (see attached photos).

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 20.04
Package: linux-image-5.13.0-30-generic:amd64 5.13.0-30.33~20.04.1
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.11.0-43.47~20.04.2-generic 5.11.22
Uname: Linux 5.11.0-43-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.21
Architecture: amd64
CasperMD5CheckResult: skip
CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
Date: Sun Feb 27 17:38:37 2022
InstallationDate: Installed on 2020-08-18 (558 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS "Focal Fossa" - Release amd64 (20200731)
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=xterm-256color
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: linux-signed-hwe-5.13
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

[Florian Burger (mfg-burger)]

The previous kernel 5.11.0-43 boots without any issues, suggesting that there isn't an actual hardware problem with the drive or the SATA interface.