I believe I'm getting a similar issue on Azure with a linux & Docker (linux-azure) after updates last night.
Trying to bring up the docker network interface.

Adding stack trace for those looking for Azure-related kernel panic.

[   37.662249] kernel BUG at include/linux/fs.h:3103!
[   37.665024] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
[   37.667710] CPU: 1 PID: 3383 Comm: id Not tainted 5.13.0-1028-azure #33~20.04.1-Ubuntu
[   37.668464] device vethd7a96c6 entered promiscuous mode
[   37.672439] Hardware name: Microsoft Corporation Virtual Machine/Virtual Machine, BIOS 090008  12/07/2018
[   37.672441] RIP: 0010:__fput+0x247/0x250
[   37.672446] Code: 00 48 85 ff 0f 84 8b fe ff ff f6 c7 40 0f 85 82 fe ff ff e8 ab 38 00 00 e9 78 fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 e8 2e 87 02 00 e9 b5 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 53 31 db 48
[   37.672448] RSP: 0018:ffffaba0c3cdbde8 EFLAGS: 00010246
[   37.672450] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000a801d RCX: ffff99ce838a8000
[   37.672451] RDX: ffff99ce8acf6b40 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   37.672452] RBP: ffffaba0c3cdbe10 R08: 00000000000000a9 R09: ffff99ce8cf29d58
[   37.672453] R10: ffffaba0c3cdbde8 R11: ffff99cea3891b10 R12: ffff99cea3891b00
[   37.672454] R13: ffff99ce8cf29d58 R14: ffff99ce8acf6b60 R15: ffff99ce8ce95600
[   37.672455] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff99cff7d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[   37.672456] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[   37.672458] CR2: 00005597f9210f2e CR3: 0000000230c10002 CR4: 00000000003706e0
[   37.672459] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[   37.672460] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[   37.693338] br: port 11(vethd7a96c6) entered blocking state
[   37.693823] Call Trace:
[   37.693825]  <TASK>
[   37.693827]  ____fput+0xe/0x10
[   37.696897] br: port 11(vethd7a96c6) entered forwarding state
[   37.700943]  task_work_run+0x6a/0xa0
[   37.700947]  do_exit+0x371/0xad0
[   37.700950]  do_group_exit+0x43/0xb0
[   37.700952]  __x64_sys_exit_group+0x18/0x20
[   37.700954]  do_syscall_64+0x61/0xb0
[   37.760928]  ? irqentry_exit+0x19/0x30
[   37.763226]  ? exc_page_fault+0x83/0x160
[   37.765461]  ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x8/0x30
[   37.767666]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[   37.770647] RIP: 0033:0x7f4bf2ee3f0b
[   37.772594] Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0x7f4bf2ee3ee1.
[   37.776165] RSP: 002b:00007ffc10383c68 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7
[   37.780576] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000004 RCX: 00007f4bf2ee3f0b
[   37.784941] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   37.788989] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[   37.792803] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
[   37.796666] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
[   37.800943]  </TASK>
[   37.802280] Modules linked in: veth xt_nat xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo ip6table_nat ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_addrtype iptable_filter iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter bridge stp llc aufs overlay nls_iso8859_1 dm_multipath scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_alua xt_conntrack nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 xt_owner iptable_security xt_tcpudp bpfilter hv_balloon serio_raw joydev sch_fq_codel ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler drm msr i2c_core ip_tables x_tables autofs4 btrfs blake2b_generic zstd_compress raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_memcpy async_pq async_xor async_tx xor raid6_pq libcrc32c raid1 raid0 multipath linear crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel hid_generic aesni_intel crypto_simd hid_hyperv cryptd pata_acpi hid hyperv_keyboard hyperv_fb hv_utils hv_netvsc
[   37.846598] ---[ end trace 82874445d6a62ea4 ]---
[   37.849869] RIP: 0010:__fput+0x247/0x250
[   37.852578] Code: 00 48 85 ff 0f 84 8b fe ff ff f6 c7 40 0f 85 82 fe ff ff e8 ab 38 00 00 e9 78 fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 e8 2e 87 02 00 e9 b5 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 53 31 db 48
[   37.864102] RSP: 0018:ffffaba0c3cdbde8 EFLAGS: 00010246
[   37.867960] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000a801d RCX: ffff99ce838a8000
[   37.872447] RDX: ffff99ce8acf6b40 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   37.876912] RBP: ffffaba0c3cdbe10 R08: 00000000000000a9 R09: ffff99ce8cf29d58
[   37.881640] R10: ffffaba0c3cdbde8 R11: ffff99cea3891b10 R12: ffff99cea3891b00
[   37.886009] R13: ffff99ce8cf29d58 R14: ffff99ce8acf6b60 R15: ffff99ce8ce95600
[   37.890358] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff99cff7d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[   37.895255] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[   37.898867] CR2: 00005597f9210f2e CR3: 0000000230c10002 CR4: 00000000003706e0
[   37.903749] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[   37.908554] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[   37.913115] Fixing recursive fault but reboot is needed!
[   37.921422] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[   37.924679] kernel BUG at include/linux/fs.h:3103!
[   37.927869] invalid opcode: 0000 [#2] SMP PTI
[   37.930808] CPU: 1 PID: 18 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Tainted: G      D           5.13.0-1028-azure #33~20.04.1-Ubuntu
[   37.936616] Hardware name: Microsoft Corporation Virtual Machine/Virtual Machine, BIOS 090008  12/07/2018
[   37.942683] RIP: 0010:__fput+0x247/0x250
[   37.945531] Code: 00 48 85 ff 0f 84 8b fe ff ff f6 c7 40 0f 85 82 fe ff ff e8 ab 38 00 00 e9 78 fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 e8 2e 87 02 00 e9 b5 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 53 31 db 48
[   37.956709] RSP: 0018:ffffaba0c00abd58 EFLAGS: 00010246
[   37.960241] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000a801d RCX: ffff99ce838a8000
[   37.964698] RDX: ffff99ce8acf6b40 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   37.969146] RBP: ffffaba0c00abd80 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: ffff99ce8cf29d58
[   37.973767] R10: ffffaba0c00abd58 R11: ffff99cea3891b10 R12: ffff99cea3891b00
[   37.978346] R13: ffff99ce8cf29d58 R14: ffff99ce8acf6b60 R15: ffff99ce8ce95600
[   37.983277] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff99cff7d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[   37.988409] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[   37.992409] CR2: 00007f3ef682c328 CR3: 000000014ad56002 CR4: 00000000003706e0
[   37.997201] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[   38.001836] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[   38.006440] Call Trace:
[   38.008503]  <TASK>
[   38.010375]  ____fput+0xe/0x10
[   38.012702]  rcu_do_batch+0x177/0x4c0
[   38.015387]  rcu_core+0x19c/0x310
[   38.017913]  rcu_core_si+0xe/0x10
[   38.020373]  __do_softirq+0xc9/0x276
[   38.022936]  run_ksoftirqd+0x1e/0x30
[   38.025516]  smpboot_thread_fn+0xd0/0x170
[   38.028414]  ? sort_range+0x30/0x30
[   38.031303]  kthread+0x12b/0x150
[   38.033760]  ? set_kthread_struct+0x40/0x40
[   38.036792]  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[   38.039242]  </TASK>
[   38.041189] Modules linked in: veth xt_nat xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo ip6table_nat ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_addrtype iptable_filter iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter bridge stp llc aufs overlay nls_iso8859_1 dm_multipath scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_alua xt_conntrack nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 xt_owner iptable_security xt_tcpudp bpfilter hv_balloon serio_raw joydev sch_fq_codel ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler drm msr i2c_core ip_tables x_tables autofs4 btrfs blake2b_generic zstd_compress raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_memcpy async_pq async_xor async_tx xor raid6_pq libcrc32c raid1 raid0 multipath linear crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel hid_generic aesni_intel crypto_simd hid_hyperv cryptd pata_acpi hid hyperv_keyboard hyperv_fb hv_utils hv_netvsc
[   38.085672] ---[ end trace 82874445d6a62ea5 ]---
[   38.089520] RIP: 0010:__fput+0x247/0x250
[   38.092642] Code: 00 48 85 ff 0f 84 8b fe ff ff f6 c7 40 0f 85 82 fe ff ff e8 ab 38 00 00 e9 78 fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 e8 2e 87 02 00 e9 b5 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 53 31 db 48
[   38.104446] RSP: 0018:ffffaba0c3cdbde8 EFLAGS: 00010246
[   38.107989] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000a801d RCX: ffff99ce838a8000
[   38.112672] RDX: ffff99ce8acf6b40 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   38.117308] RBP: ffffaba0c3cdbe10 R08: 00000000000000a9 R09: ffff99ce8cf29d58
[   38.122530] R10: ffffaba0c3cdbde8 R11: ffff99cea3891b10 R12: ffff99cea3891b00
[   38.127267] R13: ffff99ce8cf29d58 R14: ffff99ce8acf6b60 R15: ffff99ce8ce95600
[   38.132096] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff99cff7d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[   38.137175] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[   38.140979] CR2: 00007f3ef682c328 CR3: 000000014ad56002 CR4: 00000000003706e0
[   38.145906] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[   38.150919] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[   38.155713] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
[   38.181193] Kernel Offset: 0x2be00000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
[   38.188597] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt ]---