Version:           KDE: 4.1.86 (KDE 4.1.86 (KDE 4.2 >= 20081221)) kdelibs svn rev. 902031 / kdebase svn rev. 902032 (using Devel)
OS:                Linux
Installed from:    Compiled sources

Here using:

Qt: 4.4.3 + qt-copy-patches-889120
KDE: 4.1.86 (KDE 4.1.86 (KDE 4.2 >= 20081221))
kdelibs svn rev. 902031 / kdebase svn rev. 902032
on ArchLinux x86_64 - Kernel 2.6.27.10

Steps to reproduce:

- Close any Dolphin window/instance
- Open Konsole or another shell
- Go to your home folder with "cd" 
(Make sure you have a folder to enter inside your home, in this example I will be using "Desktop")
- Launch Dolphin using "dolphin Desktop/" to show the "Desktop" folder 
- From another Konsole or shell window, create a file in your home directory "touch /home/user/foobar" or "cd && touch foobar"

Dolphin crashes:

(you may use another folder than "Desktop". The crash occurs in any view (Icon,Details,Columns) with Preview both enabled or disabled)

Backtrace info:

ASSERT: "listers.isEmpty() || killed" in file /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirlister.cpp, line 609

Application: Dolphin (dolphin), signal SIGABRT
0x00007fbada1b3001 in nanosleep () from /lib/libc.so.6

Thread 1 (Thread 0x7fbade62c750 (LWP 24831)):
[KCrash Handler]
#5  0x00007fbada1460c5 in raise () from /lib/libc.so.6
#6  0x00007fbada1475e3 in abort () from /lib/libc.so.6
#7  0x00007fbadae7fa25 in qt_message_output (msgType=QtFatalMsg, buf=<value optimized out>) at global/qglobal.cpp:2102
#8  0x00007fbadae7fb47 in qFatal (msg=<value optimized out>) at global/qglobal.cpp:2303
#9  0x00007fbade196b08 in KDirListerCache::updateDirectory (this=0xce7860, _dir=@0x7fffe676c570) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirlister.cpp:609
#10 0x00007fbade19871b in KDirListerCache::slotFileDirty (this=0xce7860, path=@0x7fffe676c7c0) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirlister.cpp:955
#11 0x00007fbade19d73c in KDirListerCache::qt_metacall (this=0xce7860, _c=QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, _id=<value optimized out>, _a=0x7fffe676c720)
    at /home/kde-devel/kde/build/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kdirlister_p.moc:94
#12 0x00007fbadaf7aac0 in QMetaObject::activate (sender=0xce7b20, from_signal_index=<value optimized out>, to_signal_index=4, argv=0xffffffffffffffff) at kernel/qobject.cpp:3028
#13 0x00007fbade1ab5a2 in KDirWatch::dirty (this=0x60ff, _t1=<value optimized out>) at /home/kde-devel/kde/build/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kdirwatch.moc:81
#14 0x00007fbade1abda0 in KDirWatch::setDirty (this=0xce7b20, _file=@0x7fffe676c7c0) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirwatch.cpp:1670
#15 0x00007fbade1ad1fd in KDirWatchPrivate::emitEvent (this=<value optimized out>, e=0x1030878, event=1, fileName=@0xffffffffffffffff)
    at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirwatch.cpp:1153
#16 0x00007fbade1b5019 in KDirWatchPrivate::slotRescan (this=0xca6380) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirwatch.cpp:1231
#17 0x00007fbade1b5558 in KDirWatchPrivate::qt_metacall (this=0xca6380, _c=QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, _id=<value optimized out>, _a=0x7fffe676caa0)
    at /home/kde-devel/kde/build/KDE/kdelibs/kio/kdirwatch_p.moc:72
#18 0x00007fbadaf7aac0 in QMetaObject::activate (sender=0xca63e8, from_signal_index=<value optimized out>, to_signal_index=4, argv=0xffffffffffffffff) at kernel/qobject.cpp:3028
#19 0x00007fbadaf74983 in QObject::event (this=0xca63e8, e=0x60ff) at kernel/qobject.cpp:1120
#20 0x00007fbadb3cc0ad in QApplicationPrivate::notify_helper (this=0xbdcb90, receiver=0xca63e8, e=0x7fffe676d140) at kernel/qapplication.cpp:3803
#21 0x00007fbadb3d340e in QApplication::notify (this=0x7fffe676d480, receiver=0xca63e8, e=0x7fffe676d140) at kernel/qapplication.cpp:3768
#22 0x00007fbadc80e6bb in KApplication::notify (this=0x7fffe676d480, receiver=0xca63e8, event=0x7fffe676d140) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdelibs/kdeui/kernel/kapplication.cpp:307
#23 0x00007fbadaf65d90 in QCoreApplication::notifyInternal (this=0x7fffe676d480, receiver=0xca63e8, event=0x7fffe676d140) at kernel/qcoreapplication.cpp:583
#24 0x00007fbadaf90126 in QTimerInfoList::activateTimers (this=0xbd7820) at ../../include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/kernel/qcoreapplication.h:209
#25 0x00007fbadaf8cd7d in timerSourceDispatch (source=<value optimized out>) at kernel/qeventdispatcher_glib.cpp:160
#26 0x00007fbad6f5daa2 in g_main_context_dispatch () from /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0
#27 0x00007fbad6f6121d in g_main_context_iterate () from /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0
#28 0x00007fbad6f613db in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0
#29 0x00007fbadaf8ccdf in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents (this=0xb9d970, flags=<value optimized out>) at kernel/qeventdispatcher_glib.cpp:319
#30 0x00007fbadb453f7f in QGuiEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents (this=0x60ff, flags=<value optimized out>) at kernel/qguieventdispatcher_glib.cpp:198
#31 0x00007fbadaf649c2 in QEventLoop::processEvents (this=<value optimized out>, flags={i = -428420176}) at kernel/qeventloop.cpp:143
#32 0x00007fbadaf64b55 in QEventLoop::exec (this=0x7fffe676d3f0, flags={i = -428420096}) at kernel/qeventloop.cpp:190
#33 0x00007fbadaf698f7 in QCoreApplication::exec () at kernel/qcoreapplication.cpp:845
#34 0x00000000004437fd in main (argc=2, argv=0x7fffe676d968) at /home/kde-devel/kde/src/KDE/kdebase/apps/dolphin/src/main.cpp:94

-

The backtrace looks like the one in bug 168478 comment 5. I don't know if its a related bug report.