mounting of device partition fails with error "wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0"

[Karl-Philipp Richter]

There's a bug about a mount failure of a hfsplus partition on a `dd` image with the same error message (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/889928), but I experience the issue with a regular device partition of an USB 3.0 connected HDD as well. `dmesg` shows

    hfsplus: invalid secondary volume header
    hfsplus: unable to find HFS+ superblock

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 15.04
Package: hfsplus 1.0.4-12.1ubuntu1
Uname: Linux 4.0.1-040001-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.17.2-0ubuntu1
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: Unity
Date: Fri May 1 11:56:00 2015
Dependencies:
 gcc-5-base 5.1~rc1-0ubuntu1
 libc6 2.21-0ubuntu4
 libgcc1 1:5.1~rc1-0ubuntu1
 libhfsp0 1.0.4-12.1ubuntu1
 multiarch-support 2.21-0ubuntu4
EcryptfsInUse: Yes
InstallationDate: Installed on 2015-04-02 (28 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 15.04 "Vivid Vervet" - Beta amd64 (20150326)
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=xterm
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: hfsplus
SystemImageInfo:
 current build number: 0
 device name:
 channel: daily
 last update: Unknown
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

[Karl-Philipp Richter (krichter722)]

The mount succeeds after repairing the hfs+ partition in a `qemu` instance running Ubuntu 14.04.2 amd64 (failure of `fsck.hfsplus` on 15.04 amd64 reported as https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hfsplus/+bug/1450760). The feedback involving a loop device is very unhelpful, though and should be improved.