Ubuntu was previously installed and then GRUB failed to load due to corrupt volume. I cleared the Ubuntu partition, tried to reinstall it, and GRUB could not install

[Lucy Penney]

I installed Ubuntu a few months ago and was using it just fine. Then, one day, GRUB (\EFI\UBUNTU\grubx64.efi) had a Volume Corrupt error, where start_image() returned Volume Corrupt. After displaying the error message, it would boot into Windows 8.1. I tried deleting the partition that Ubuntu used and reinstalling from the same USB stick as before, but it failed at installing GRUB.

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 18.04
Package: ubiquity 18.04.14.6
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.15.0-29.31-generic 4.15.18
Uname: Linux 4.15.0-29-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.2
Architecture: amd64
CasperVersion: 1.394
CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
Date: Fri Feb 22 12:32:32 2019
InstallCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
LiveMediaBuild: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS "Bionic Beaver" - Release amd64 (20180725)
ProcEnviron:
 LANGUAGE=en_CA.UTF-8
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=en_CA.UTF-8
 LC_NUMERIC=C.UTF-8
SourcePackage: grub-installer
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)