Matthias:

I think this is not a gcc bug, as the very same source package can be built on Debian Sid with the very same versions of gcc and Boost (gcc 4.4.4 and Boost 1.42). It might be a bug in Ubuntu-specific patches to gcc.

On Debian Sid:

$ dpkg -l | grep g++
ii  g++                               4:4.4.4-2                    The GNU C++ compiler
ii  g++-4.4                           4.4.4-17                     The GNU C++ compiler

$ dpkg -l | grep libboost
ii  libboost-date-time-dev            1.42.0.1                     date-time libraries based on generic programming (default version)
ii  libboost-date-time1.42-dev        1.42.0-4                     set of date-time libraries based on generic programming concepts
ii  libboost-date-time1.42.0          1.42.0-4                     set of date-time libraries based on generic programming concepts
ii  libboost-dev                      1.42.0.1                     Boost C++ Libraries development files (default version)
ii  libboost-filesystem-dev           1.42.0.1                     filesystem operations in C++ (default version)
ii  libboost-filesystem1.42-dev       1.42.0-4                     filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++
ii  libboost-filesystem1.42.0         1.42.0-4                     filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++
ii  libboost-iostreams1.42.0          1.42.0-4                     Boost.Iostreams Library
ii  libboost-program-options-dev      1.42.0.1                     program options library for C++ (default version)
ii  libboost-program-options1.42-dev  1.42.0-4                     program options library for C++
ii  libboost-program-options1.42.0    1.42.0-4                     program options library for C++
ii  libboost-regex-dev                1.42.0.1                     regular expression library for C++ (default version)
ii  libboost-regex1.42-dev            1.42.0-4                     regular expression library for C++
ii  libboost-regex1.42.0              1.42.0-4                     regular expression library for C++
ii  libboost-serialization1.42-dev    1.42.0-4                     serialization library for C++
ii  libboost-serialization1.42.0      1.42.0-4                     serialization library for C++
ii  libboost-signals-dev              1.42.0.1                     managed signals and slots library for C++ (default version)
ii  libboost-signals1.42-dev          1.42.0-4                     managed signals and slots library for C++
ii  libboost-signals1.42.0            1.42.0-4                     managed signals and slots library for C++
ii  libboost-system1.42-dev           1.42.0-4                     Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
ii  libboost-system1.42.0             1.42.0-4                     Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
ii  libboost-thread-dev               1.42.0.1                     portable C++ multi-threading (default version)
ii  libboost-thread1.42-dev           1.42.0-4                     portable C++ multi-threading
ii  libboost-thread1.42.0             1.42.0-4                     portable C++ multi-threading
ii  libboost1.42-dev                  1.42.0-4                     Boost C++ Libraries development files