Boost dev packages do not include the boost asio library.

[Nescire]

Summary says it all. Taking a look around the repos, this problem is still around in Karmic for the boost1.40-dev package.

Since this is usually the source of some confusion, I'll summarize the asio situation here. Asio used to be a standalone library (currently in the libasio-dev package), and was included in boost from 1.35 onward. A corresponding Ubuntu package for libboost_asio never materialized however.

This is especially frustrating since the libasio-dev package, which is the same library but in a different namespace, seems to have been updated to reflect its new dependency on boost.

ProblemType: Bug
Architecture: amd64
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 9.04
NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia
Package: libboost1.37-dev 1.37.0-3ubuntu3
ProcEnviron:
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: boost1.37
Uname: Linux 2.6.28-16-generic x86_64