I just got this error myself on Ubuntu 12.04.02 with binutils 2.22-6ubuntu1
in an lxc container in a vmware vm on an 8 core xeon X5450.
It happened on two successive runs on different 12.04 VM's (but possibly on the same physical hardware):

$ make all examples_noinst -j4
...
/usr/bin/c++  -fPIC -I /home/buildbot/slave-state/ubu1204/g-speak-ubu12-bgarden-01-ubu1204/sandbox-ubu1204-master3_15/build/gtest/include -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Wformat-security  -Wtype-limits -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wno-unused-command-line-argument -Wvla -Wempty-body -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wwrite-strings -Wno-overloaded-virtual -Wno-strict-overflow -Wno-error=unused-variable -Werror -g -O3 -std=gnu++0x -DENCAPSULATION_IS_GOOD -pthread   -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -shared -Wl,-soname,libGreenhouse.so -o libGreenhouse.so CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/AfferentHelpers.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/ChaseQuat.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/ChaseVect.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/DataSet.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Drome.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Node.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Sugarific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Shaderific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Animistic.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Colorific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Metabolific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Wranglerific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Eventerific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Remoterific.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/NeedlePoint.cpp.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Image.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Thing.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Video.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Sound.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Text.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Origin.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Remote.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/RoundedVidQuad.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/gh_QWrangler.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/gh_SWrangler.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/gh_TWrangler.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/gh_WranglerCollection.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/GreenhouseFunctions.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/GreenhouseLogging.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/GreenhousePlasma.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/GreenhouseQuery.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/QuadraticArcVect.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/SineQuat.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Map.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/MosaiQuad.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/TileCache.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/GLTexCache.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/DataTable.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/Sketch.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/UnduLine.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/UnduLineThing.C.o CMakeFiles/Greenhouse.dir/OSSpecificFunctions.C.o  -L/opt/oblong/deps-64-9/lib /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libAfferent.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libBasement.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libGestation.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libImpetus.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libMedia.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libNoodoo.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libPlasmaZeroconf.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libTwillig.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libPlasma++.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libPlasma.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libLoam++.so /opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib/libLoam.so -lGLU -lGL -lSM -lICE -lX11 -lXext -lfontconfig -lfreetype -licui18n -licuuc -licudata -ljpeg -lpng -lyaml -lavahi-client -lavahi-common -lboost_thread -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem -lXinerama -Wl,-rpath,/opt/oblong/deps-64-9/lib:/opt/oblong/g-speak3.15/lib::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
/usr/bin/ld: can not read symbols: File truncated
/usr/bin/ld: BFD (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.22 internal error, aborting at ../../bfd/merge.c line 877 in _bfd_merged_section_offset

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=809122 has some speculation.

On a third run on one of the same VMs , there was a slightly different error:
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: File truncated

A fourth VM, Ubuntu 14.04 on different Xeon hardware, was not affected.

These builds share prerequisites from a local apt server, so it's possible a package
they depend on was misbuilt somehow.  I'll add more detail when/if I have it.