Similar issues on home comp. Nothing seems to be able to access audio CDs (except, previously, Sound Juicer), since I tried changing to Audacious in System >> Preferences >> Removable Drives and Media with the line "audacious -p /media/cdrom" in the appropriate spot. No luck. "No playable CD" is the standard type of error I get.

Once again, my fstab doesn't quite seem to agree with my hardware:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
# /dev/hda2 -- converted during upgrade to edgy
UUID=2ec78ab2-2fe6-4211-abbb-a22984e9648b / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /dev/hda5 -- converted during upgrade to edgy
UUID=e34f029b-7b4a-4def-badb-fa40de54314a none swap sw 0 0
UUID=bfe37834-a8da-4f43-81a7-c67928f282e0 /media/storage ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc        /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0

... whereas sudo lshw gives the following for my CDROM:
 *-cdrom
                description: DVD reader
                product: COMBO LTC-48161H
                vendor: LITE-ON
                physical id: 1
                bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
                logical name: /dev/cdrom
                logical name: /dev/dvd
                logical name: /dev/scd0
                logical name: /dev/sr0
                version: KH0G
                capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd
                configuration: ansiversion=5
              *-disc
                   physical id: 0
                   logical name: /dev/cdrom

Nowhere does it say /dev/hdc. However, I'm reluctant to alter it here at home, since it actually made matters worse at work. Here's some more info that might be of use:
~$ dmesg | grep CD
[   25.417209] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM            LITE-ON  COMBO LTC-48161H KH0G PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[   25.513256] Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
[   25.513467] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0

~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82865G/PE/P DRAM Controller/Host-Hub Interface (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82865G/PE/P PCI to AGP Controller (rev 02)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 02)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev c2)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02)
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) IDE Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) SMBus Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RV280 [Radeon 9200 SE] (rev 01)
01:00.1 Display controller: ATI Technologies Inc RV280 [Radeon 9200 SE] (Secondary) (rev 01)
02:05.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c940 10/100/1000Base-T [Marvell] (rev 12)
02:09.0 Modem: PCTel Inc HSP MicroModem 56 (rev 02)
02:0b.0 Network controller: Texas Instruments ACX 100 22Mbps Wireless Interface

~$ uname -r
2.6.20-16-386

Thank you for any help at all. Please feel free to ask me for more information on either machine.