lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:At first glance, you will notice many similarities between Ubuntu and other operating systems such as Windows or Mac \acronym{OS~X}. This is because they are all based on the concept of a graphical user interface (\gls{GUI})\dash that is, you use your mouse to navigate the desktop, open programs, move files, and perform most other tasks. In short, things are visually oriented, which means that it's important for you to become familiar with where and what to click in Ubuntu. 
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:First, you will notice there are two \emph{panels}\dash one at the top of your desktop and one at the bottom. A panel is a bar that sits on the edge of your screen and contains various \emph{applets}. \marginnote{Everything on a panel is an \gls{applet}, even the main menu.} These applets provide useful functions such as running programs, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:Starting from the left, you will see three menu headings\dash \button{Applications}, \button{Places}, and \button{System}\dash followed by two program icons. The first of these icons will open the \application{Firefox} web browser (see \chaplink{ch:default-applications} for more information), and the next will open the \application{Ubuntu Help Center}. \marginnote{The \application{Ubuntu Help Center} is a highly useful resource. It provides a wealth of information about your Ubuntu system, and is always at your fingertips by simply clicking this panel icon (or navigating to \menu{System \then Help and Support}).}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:programs will also place an icon in the notification area when you open them.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:Ubuntu uses most of the bottom panel to display a list of all programs or windows that are currently open. These appear as horizontal buttons which can be clicked to \emph{minimize} or \emph{restore} the corresponding windows (see \seclink{sec:managing-windows} below for more information).
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:When you open a program in Ubuntu (such as a web browser or a text editor\dash see \chaplink{ch:default-applications} for more information on using programs)\dash a \emph{window} will appear on your desktop. If you have used another operating system before, such as Microsoft Windows or Mac \acronym{OS~X}, you are probably familiar with the concept of a ``window''\dash the box that appears on your screen when you start a program. In Ubuntu, the top part of a window (the \emph{titlebar}) will have the title of the window in the center, and three buttons in the top left corner. From left to right, these buttons \emph{close}, \emph{minimize}, and \emph{maximize} the window. Additionally, you can right-click anywhere on the titlebar for a list of other window management options. 
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:\noindent To \emph{close} a window, click on the ``$\times$'' in the upper left corner of the window\dash this will be the first button on the left-hand side. Immediately to the right of this is a downward-pointing arrow that is used to \emph{minimize} the window to the bottom panel of your desktop. Once minimized the window will no longer be visible, but its corresponding button in the bottom panel will remain, indicating the program is still running in the background. Clicking this button will \emph{restore} the window to its original position. Finally, the right-most button of this group will \gls{maximize} the window, making it fill the entire screen. Clicking this button again will return the window to its original size.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:\marginnote{You may find that there are programs in the \menu{Applications} menu that you don't use frequently, or just don't want to be displayed on the menu. To hide those applications (without deleting the actual programs), click on \menu{System \then Preferences \then Main Menu}. Find the programs in the right panel that you want to hide from the menu, and deselect them in the ``Show'' column.}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:The \menu{Accessories} sub-menu has many programs that are suited for productivity, including \application{Calculator} and
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:Other programs in \menu{Accessories} include the \application{\acronym{CD}/\acronym{DVD} Creator}, \application{gedit Text Editor} (similar to Windows' Notepad and Mac \acronym{OS X}'s TextEdit), \application{Search for Files} (we'll discuss that later), and \application{Take Screenshot}, which allows you to take a picture of your desktop screen.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:Under the \menu{Graphics} sub-menu, you'll find the \application{F-Spot} photo manager where you can view, edit and share pictures you've downloaded from your camera. \application{OpenOffice.org Drawing} allows you to create images using the OpenOffice.org suite, and \application{Simple Scan} is a program for scanning images and documents from your scanner.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:The \menu{Sound and Video} sub-menu has programs for working with multimedia, such as: 
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:More information on all of these programs can be found in \chaplink{ch:default-applications}.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:%Commented out as we can't rely on the user taking the screenshot to have default programs in stalled luke jennings (ubuntujenkins)
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:%\screenshotTODO{Screenshot showing the expanded Applications > Sound and Video menu with the programs clearly shown.}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:access to a library of software that you can download. When you open the \application{Ubuntu Software Center}, the main screen is similar to your \menu{Applications} menu, for easy searching. If you know the name of the program you're looking for, just type the name into the \textfield{search box} in the top right. The \application{Ubuntu Software Center} keeps track of programs that are installed on your computer. If you're simply curious as to what is available, you can explore the software available using the categories listed on the left side of the window.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:%Commented out as we can't rely on the user taking the screenshot to have default programs in stalled luke jennings (ubuntujenkins)
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:%\screenshotTODO{Screenshot showing the expanded Applications > Sound and Video menu with the programs clearly shown.}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:%\"application{Ubuntu One}, a program that allows you to sync and backup your files across many different computers." was removed from "Internet" category. Left info here in case it was decided to ad it to the "Preferences" category.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:The \menu{Administration} sub-menu contains programs you can use to monitor computer performance,
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:(program).
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:By default, a panel covers the entire length of the desktop. To change that, you can deselect the \button{Expand} option. The panel will then shrink so that it is just long enough to accommodate any applets or program launchers that are currently sitting in it. Ticking the \button{Autohide} button will cause your panel to ``fold'' up into the edge of the screen when you are not using it, and remain hidden until you move your mouse cursor back to that screen edge. 
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:\marginnote{By default, Ubuntu requires that you maintain at least one panel on the desktop. If you prefer a Microsoft Windows feel, a panel at the bottom of the desktop can be set to start programs as well as select between open windows. Alternatively, if you prefer a Mac \acronym{OS~X} look you can keep a panel at the top and add an applications dock such as \application{Docky}, \application{Avant Window Navigator} (\acronym{AWN}), or \application{Cairo-Dock}. These are all available in the \application{Ubuntu Software Center}, which is discussed further in \chaplink{ch:software-management}.}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:\marginnote{You can also add program launchers to a panel by dragging them directly from the \menu{Applications} menu, in the left of the top panel.}
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:The \window{Add to Panel\ldots} window can also be used to add additional application launchers to your panel, similar to the \application{Firefox} launcher that sits to the right of the \button{System} menu. To add a new one, double-click on \button{Application Launcher\ldots} near the top of the window. Here you can navigate through your applications and drag them to your panel to create a new launcher, just as you did to add an applet previously. Program launchers can also be removed and repositioned through their right-click menu.
lucid-e2/around-desktop/around-desktop.tex:\marginnote{Many programs have their own help which can be accessed by clicking the \menu{Help} menu within the application window.}
lucid-e2/backmatter/license-cs.tex:      \item Pojem ``dílo'' označuje pro účely tohoto ujednání autorské dílo nebo jiný nehmotný statek chráněný autorským zákonem, pokud příslušný právní řád jeho ochranu též uznává. Autorskými díly mohou být mimo jiné díla literární, výtvarná, hudební, audiovizuální, vědecká, fotografie nebo počítačové programy. Jinými nehmotnými statky jsou zejména umělecké výkony výkonných umělců, zvukové nebo zvukově obrazové záznamy, televizní a rozhlasové vysílání. Za díla jsou považovány též databáze. Pojem ``Dílo'' popřípadě ``DÍLO'' označuje konkrétní dílo, ke kterému poskytovatel poskytuje nabyvateli licenci za podmínek uvedených v tomto ujednání.
lucid-e2/backmatter/license-cs.tex:      \item Pojem ``rozmnožování'' označuje pro účely tohoto ujednání zhotovování rozmnoženin díla, a to jakýmikoli prostředky. Rozmnoženiny mohou být mimo jiné tiskové, fotografické, zvukové, obrazové, nebo zvukově-obrazové a mohou mít též elektronickou podobu, zahrnující vyjádření analogové i digitální. Rozmnožováním je též zhotovení rozmnoženiny nezbytné k zavedení, uložení, zobrazení, provoz a přenos počítačového programu a vytěžování obsahu databáze.
lucid-e2/command-line/command-line.tex:  \item \code{/bin} \& \code{/sbin}: Many essential system programs
lucid-e2/command-line/command-line.tex:  \item \code{/usr}: Pronounced `user', it contains most program files (not to be confused with each user's home directory)
lucid-e2/command-line/command-line.tex:  \item \code{/var/log}: Contains log files written by many programs
lucid-e2/command-line/command-line.tex:Directories and files that begin with a period are hidden directories. These are usually only visible with a special command or by selecting a specific option. In the \application{Nautilus File Browser} you can show hidden files and directories my selecting \menu{View\then Show Hidden Files}, or by pressing \keystroke{Ctrl+H}. There are many hidden directories in your home folder used to store program preferences. For example, \code{/home/your-username/.evolution} stores preferences used by the \application{Evolution} mail application.
lucid-e2/default-apps/browsingtheweb.tex:You can paste the text into other programs.
lucid-e2/default-apps/browsingtheweb.tex:You can paste the link into other programs or into Firefox's Location Bar.
lucid-e2/default-apps/using-instant-messaging.tex:messaging program then select the \checkbox{Yes, I'll enter my account 
lucid-e2/default-apps/readingcomposingemail.tex:if you plan on installing or using a different email program.
lucid-e2/default-apps/readingcomposingemail.tex:email program, you can send them messages that include formatting. To switch
lucid-e2/default-apps/taking-notes.tex:You can take notes in a program called \textbf{Tomboy Notes}. You can use it to 
lucid-e2/frontmatter/glossary-entries.tex:  An applet is a small program that runs in a \gls{panel}. Applets provide 
lucid-e2/frontmatter/glossary-entries.tex:  useful functions such as starting a program, viewing the time, or accessing
lucid-e2/frontmatter/glossary-entries.tex:  \glspl{applet} which provide useful functions such as running programs,
lucid-e2/installation/installation.tex:Your computer reads information from a \acronym{CD} at a much slower speed than it can read information off of a hard drive. Running Ubuntu from the Live \acronym{CD} also occupies a large portion of your computer's memory, which would usually be available for programs to access when Ubuntu is running from your hard drive. The Live \acronym{CD} experience will therefore feel slightly slower than it does when Ubuntu is actually installed on your computer. However, running Ubuntu from the \acronym{CD} is a great way to test things out and allows you to try the default applications, browse the Internet, and get a general feel for the operating system. It's also useful for checking that your computer hardware works properly in Ubuntu and that there are no major compatibility issues.
lucid-e2/installation/installation.tex:Once Ubuntu is up and running, you will see the default desktop. We will talk more about how to actually use Ubuntu in \chaplink{ch:the-ubuntu-desktop}, but for now, feel free to test things out. Open some programs, change settings and generally explore\dash any changes you make will not be saved once you exit, so you don't need to worry about accidentally breaking anything. 
lucid-e2/installation/installation.tex:At least 3~\acronym{GB} of free space on your hard drive is required in order to install Ubuntu; however, 10~\acronym{GB} or more of free space is recommended. This will ensure that you will have plenty of room to install extra programs later on, as well as store your own documents, music, and photos. 
lucid-e2/installation/installation.tex:This option is for more advanced users and is used to create special partitions, or format the hard drive with a filesystem different to the default one. It can also be used to create a separate \texttt{/home} partition. This can be very useful in case you decide to reinstall Ubuntu, as it allows you to format and reinstall the operating system, whilst keeping all your personal files and program settings intact in a separate partition. 
lucid-e2/learning-more/learning-more.tex:Ubuntu is open source software. Open source software differs from proprietary software \dash software whose source code is patented and is therefore not freely available for modification or distribution by anyone but the rightsholder.\marginnote{The \textbf{source code} of a program is the collection files that have been written in a computer language to make the program.} Microsoft Windows and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software. \marginnote{\textbf{Proprietary software} is software that cannot be copied, modified, or distributed freely.}
lucid-e2/learning-more/learning-more.tex:Unlike proprietary software programs, Ubuntu is specifically licensed to promote sharing and collaboration. The legal rules governing Ubuntu's production and distribution ensure that anyone can obtain, run, or share it for any purpose they wish. Computer users can modify open source software to suit their individual needs, share it, improve it, or translate it into other languages \dash provided they release these modifications so others can do the same. In fact, the terms of many open source licensing agreements make it illegal not to do so.
lucid-e2/learning-more/learning-more.tex:Because open source software is developed by large communities of programmers distributed throughout the globe, it benefits from rapid development cycles and speedy security releases (in the event that someone discovers bugs in the software). In other words, open source software is updated, enhanced, and made more secure every day as programmers all over the world continue to improve it.
lucid-e2/learning-more/learning-more.tex:Ubuntu is one of several popular operating systems based on Linux (an open source operating system). While other versions of Linux, or ``distributions,'' may look different from Ubuntu at first glance, they share similar characteristics because of their common roots.\marginnote{A \gls{distribution}, or ``distro,'' is a operating system made from open source programs, bundled together to make them easier to install and use.}
lucid-e2/main.glo:(indexentry :tkey (("applet" "\\glossaryentryfield{applet}{\\glsnamefont{applet}}{An applet is a small program that runs in a \\gls {panel}. Applets provide useful functions such as starting a program, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}{\\relax }") ) :locref "23" :attr "glsnumberformat" ) 
lucid-e2/main.glo:(indexentry :tkey (("panel" "\\glossaryentryfield{panel}{\\glsnamefont{panel}}{A panel is a bar that sits on the edge of your screen. It contains \\glspl {applet} which provide useful functions such as running programs, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}{\\relax }") ) :locref "155" :attr "glsnumberformat" ) 
lucid-e2/main.glo:(indexentry :tkey (("applet" "\\glossaryentryfield{applet}{\\glsnamefont{applet}}{An applet is a small program that runs in a \\gls {panel}. Applets provide useful functions such as starting a program, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}{\\relax }") ) :locref "156" :attr "glsnumberformat" ) 
lucid-e2/main.gls:\glossaryentryfield{applet}{\glsnamefont{applet}}{An applet is a small program that runs in a \gls {panel}. Applets provide useful functions such as starting a program, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}{\relax }{\glossaryentrynumbers{\relax 
lucid-e2/main.gls:\glossaryentryfield{panel}{\glsnamefont{panel}}{A panel is a bar that sits on the edge of your screen. It contains \glspl {applet} which provide useful functions such as running programs, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}{\relax }{\glossaryentrynumbers{\relax 
lucid-e2/prefs-hardware/sound.tex:This comes in very handy if you have multiple audio programs running, for example, if 
lucid-e2/prefs-hardware/displays.tex:A majority of graphics cards are manufactured by three well known companies: Intel, \acronym{AMD}/\acronym{ATI}, and \acronym{NVIDIA} Corp. You can find your card manufacturer by referring to your computer manual or looking for the specifications of your particular model on the internet. The Ubuntu Software Center houses a number of programs that allow detailed system information to be obtained. \textbf{SysInfo} is one such program that you can use to find relevant information about your System devices. Ubuntu comes with support for graphics devices manufactured by the above companies, and many others, out of the box. That means that you don't have to find and install any drivers by yourself, Ubuntu takes care of it on its own.
lucid-e2/prefs-hardware/introduction.tex:To run the application, choose \menu{Applications\then System Tools\then Sysinfo.} The Sysinfo program will then open a window with information about the hardware that is part of your system.  
lucid-e2/prefs-hardware/other.tex:You will need to install a program called \application{Kino} which is available in the \application{Ubuntu Software Center}. 
lucid-e2/prologue/prologue.tex:The Linux Kernel is the shift manager of the operating system; it is responsible for allocating memory and processor time. It can also be thought of as the program which mangages any and all programs on the computer itself.
lucid-e2/prologue/prologue.tex:These early \acronym{GUI}s were difficult to configure and clunky at best, and generally only used by seasoned computer programmers. In the past decade, however, graphical user interfaces have come a long way in terms of usability, reliability, and appearance. Ubuntu is just one of many different Linux \emph{distributions}, \marginnote{To learn more about Linux distributions, see \chaplink{ch:learning-more}.} and uses one of the more popular graphical desktop environments called \acronym{GNOME}.%
lucid-e2/prologue/prologue.tex:    for Windows will work in Ubuntu with a program called \application{Wine}.
lucid-e2/security/security.tex:Uncomplicated Firewall (\acronym{UFW}) is the standard firewall configuration program in Ubuntu. It is a program that runs from the command line, but a program called \application{Gufw} allows you to use it with a graphical interface. See \chaplink{ch:software-management} to learn more about installing the \application{Gufw} package.
lucid-e2/security/security.tex:To open a port click on the \button{Add} button. For most purposes, the \tab{Preconfigured} tab is sufficient. Select \button{Allow} from the first box and then select the program or service required.
lucid-e2/software-packaging/software-packaging.tex:\marginnote{Some software packages have more advanced purposes, such as programming or running a \gls{server}, and cannot be installed using the \application{Software Center}. You will need 
lucid-e2/software-packaging/software-packaging.tex:%Now you can run your application. Depending on what the program does, it will
lucid-e2/software-packaging/software-packaging.tex:Congratulations, you have just added a \acronym{PPA} to your list of software sources. You can now open the \application{Software Center} and install applications from this \acronym{PPA}, in the same way you previously installed programs from the default Ubuntu repositories. 
lucid-e2/software-packaging/software-packaging.tex:To open the \application{Synaptic Package Manager}, navigate to \menu{System \then Administration \then Synaptic Package Manager}. As explained above, \application{Synaptic} is a more complex tool than the \application{Software Center}, and generally not essential for a new user just getting started with Ubuntu. If you want to read more information on how to use this program, or require more support managing the software on your system, head to \url{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto}. 
lucid-e2/software-packaging/software-packaging.tex:Using this package manager is very simple once you understand the basics behind it. Ideally, you will mark different actions to perform on different packages first, and then apply your changes. When you click the \button{Apply} button, the \application{Synaptic Package Manager} will do each of your marked actions, one by one. Then you will be free to close the program, or wait until the process is complete to make more changes.
lucid-e2/troubleshooting/troubleshooting.tex:When you first turn on your computer, a program called a ``bootloader'' must start Ubuntu or another operating system. 
lucid-e2/troubleshooting/troubleshooting.tex:option for a command-line program called \commandlineapp{apt-get}. The
lucid-e2/troubleshooting/troubleshooting.tex:with running another program \dash and that program was subsequently removed
lucid-e2/troubleshooting/troubleshooting.tex:The resolution can be changed using the drop down list within the program.
lucid-e2/ubuntu-manual.cls:% Macros to distinguish prompts and user input from program output in terminal displays
lucid-e2/ubuntu-manual.cls:% Macro to format command line programs and index them