Some more success.

I was able to spin up a CoreOS VM and login into it. 
Once logged into VM though, I am seeing following error trace. It is complaining that the Docker image is not found. However, on the host when "docker images" is run, it shows the following:

REPOSITORY                   TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
10.0.2.15:5042/nodeus        latest              daca6bf0c799        11 minutes ago      855.7 MB

So the container image is available on the docker registry.


core@ex12 ~ $ 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:41] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                                                            2014-11-12 18:56:41,300 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:41] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                              2014-11-12 18:56:41,400 DEBUG: api_error: images not found
                                                                                        172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:41] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                            2014-11-12 18:56:41,402 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:41] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                              172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:47] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                                                                                                            2014-11-12 18:56:47,269 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:47] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                              2014-11-12 18:56:47,365 DEBUG: api_error: images not found
                                                                                                                                        172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:47] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                                                                            2014-11-12 18:56:47,366 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:47] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
core@ex12 ~ $ 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:53] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                                                            2014-11-12 18:56:53,258 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:53] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2014-11-12 18:56:53,299 DEBUG: api_error: images not found
                                                      172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:53] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2014-11-12 18:56:53,300 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:53] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                                                                                                                                                                    172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:59] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                      2014-11-12 18:56:59,145 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:59] "GET /v1/_ping HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "Go 1.1 package http"
                                                                                                                                                                                  2014-11-12 18:56:59,213 DEBUG: api_error: images not found
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:59] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"
                                                                                                                                                                             2014-11-12 18:56:59,213 INFO: 172.24.4.3 - - [12/Nov/2014:18:56:59] "GET /v1/repositories/nodeus/images HTTP/1.1" 404 29 "-" "docker/1.3.0 go/go1.3.2 git-commit/c78088f kernel/3.17.2+ os/linux arch/amd64"

---

Btw, I had to revert to using Neutron, since I was not able to get nova network to provision a routable IP (public or private) to the spun up VM. When using Neutron you may run into an issue where it complains that the NETWORK_GATEWAY is not on the correct subnet. The details of the issue and how to resolve it can be found here:
https://github.com/rackerlabs/vagrant-solum-dev/issues/31