ASH lacks vops for efficient right-shift by non-constant amount

[Douglas Katzman]

The best vop translation of a known fixnum-to-fixnum right-shift uses the more general fixnum-to-fixnum translation for an unknown sign of 'amount' even when the amount is known by the front-end to be non-positive. In particular this makes LDB slower than need be.

This simple example should be reducible to the analogous case for Y being known non-negative:
(Noting that ASH-DERIVE-TYPE-AUX correctly avoids the need for (THE FIXNUM ...) around the whole expression.)

* (disassemble '(lambda (x y) (ash (the fixnum x) (the (integer -60 0) y))))
; disassembly for (LAMBDA (X Y))
; 02B882A2: 48D1FA SAR RDX, 1 ; no-arg-parsing entry point
; A5: 48D1F9 SAR RCX, 1
; A8: 4885C9 TEST RCX, RCX
; AB: 7913 JNS L1
; AD: 48F7D9 NEG RCX
; B0: 4883F93F CMP RCX, 63
; B4: 7605 JBE L0
; B6: B93F000000 MOV ECX, 63
; BB: L0: 48D3FA SAR RDX, CL
; BE: EB03 JMP L2
; C0: L1: 48D3E2 SHL RDX, CL
; C3: L2: 48D1E2 SHL RDX, 1
; C6: 488BE5 MOV RSP, RBP
; C9: F8 CLC
; CA: 5D POP RBP
; CB: C3 RET
NIL

Expect similar instruction stream as (substituting SHR for SHL):

* (disassemble '(lambda (x y) (the fixnum (ash (the fixnum x) (the (integer 0 20) y)))))
; disassembly for (LAMBDA (X Y))
; 02C2FEF2: 48D1F9 SAR RCX, 1 ; no-arg-parsing entry point
; 5: 48D3E2 SHL RDX, CL
; 8: 488BE5 MOV RSP, RBP
; B: F8 CLC
; C: 5D POP RBP
; D: C3 RET

I hope that those disassemblies are legible. The columns never seem to come out right for me with copy-n-paste.

Paul Khuong said that "It should be an easy project [too.]"

[Paul Khuong (pvk)]

Basically achieved by 60deeb7 (Simpler word-sized variable right shifts on x86 and x86-64).

[Paul Khuong (pvk)]

with (optimize speed (safety 0)):

* (disassemble '(lambda (x y) (ash (the fixnum x) (the (integer -60 0) y))))
; in: LAMBDA (X Y)
; (ASH (THE FIXNUM X) (THE (INTEGER -60 0) Y))
; ==>
; (SB-KERNEL:%ASH/RIGHT INTEGER
; (IF (<= SB-C::AMOUNT -64)
; 63
; (- SB-C::AMOUNT)))
;
; note: unable to
; optimize
; due to type uncertainty:
; The result is a (VALUES FIXNUM &OPTIONAL), not a (VALUES (INTEGER -1 0) &REST
; T).
;
; compilation unit finished
; printed 1 note

; disassembly for (LAMBDA (X Y))
; Size: 19 bytes
; 0687ADA2: 48F7D9 NEG RCX ; no-arg-parsing entry point
; A5: 48D1F9 SAR RCX, 1
; A8: 48D3FA SAR RDX, CL
; AB: 4883E2FE AND RDX, -2
; AF: 488BE5 MOV RSP, RBP
; B2: F8 CLC
; B3: 5D POP RBP
; B4: C3 RET
NIL

* (disassemble '(lambda (x y) (ash (the fixnum x) (- (the (integer 0 60) y)))))
; in: LAMBDA (X Y)
; (ASH (THE FIXNUM X) (- (THE (INTEGER 0 60) Y)))
; ==>
; (SB-KERNEL:%ASH/RIGHT INTEGER
; (IF (>= SB-C::AMOUNT 64)
; 63
; SB-C::AMOUNT))
;
; note: unable to
; optimize
; due to type uncertainty:
; The result is a (VALUES FIXNUM &OPTIONAL), not a (VALUES (INTEGER -1 0) &REST
; T).
;
; compilation unit finished
; printed 1 note

; disassembly for (LAMBDA (X Y))
; Size: 16 bytes
; 06A54672: 48D1F9 SAR RCX, 1 ; no-arg-parsing entry point
; 75: 48D3FA SAR RDX, CL
; 78: 4883E2FE AND RDX, -2
; 7C: 488BE5 MOV RSP, RBP
; 7F: F8 CLC
; 80: 5D POP RBP
; 81: C3 RET