package mysql-server-8.0 8.0.22-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 failed to install/upgrade: installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1

[Igor Funa]

Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-server-8.0
 mysql-server
Exception during pm.DoInstall(): E:Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

ProblemType: Package
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 20.04
Package: mysql-server-8.0 8.0.22-0ubuntu0.20.04.3
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.15.0-126.129-generic 4.15.18
Uname: Linux 4.15.0-126-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.13
Architecture: amd64
CasperMD5CheckResult: skip
Date: Fri Dec 4 17:13:25 2020
ErrorMessage: installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
InstallationDate: Installed on 2013-07-15 (2698 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu-Server 12.04.2 LTS "Precise Pangolin" - Release amd64 (20130214)
Logs.var.log.daemon.log:

MySQLConf.etc.mysql.conf.d.disable_strict_mode.cnf:
 [mysqld]
 sql_mode=IGNORE_SPACE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
MySQLConf.etc.mysql.conf.d.mysql.cnf: [mysql]
MySQLConf.etc.mysql.conf.d.mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf:
 [mysqld_safe]
 syslog
MySQLConf.etc.mysql.conf.d.mysqldump.cnf:
 [mysqldump]
 quick
 quote-names
 max_allowed_packet = 16M
MySQLConf.etc.mysql.mysql.conf.d.mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf:
 [mysqld_safe]
 syslog
MySQLVarLibDirListing: ['jutri@002esi', 'ib_logfile0', 'auto.cnf', 'public_key.pem', 'igorfuna_si_zone', 'debian-5.5.flag', 'server-key.pem', 'client-cert.pem', 'sys', 'nasa', 'ai_demo', 'igorfuna_domon', 'debian-5.7.flag', 'ib_logfile1', 'ca.pem', 'ib_buffer_pool', 'mysql_upgrade_info', 'phpmyadmin', 'client-key.pem', 'adinserter', 'igorfuna_checker', 'performance_schema', 'private_key.pem', 'igorfuna_wp', 'ca-key.pem', 'ibdata1', 'server-cert.pem', 'mysql', 't51']
ProcCmdline: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-126-generic root=UUID=cf20edcc-05b2-4853-bfd8-f42bff803d86 ro
Python3Details: /usr/bin/python3.8, Python 3.8.5, python3-minimal, 3.8.2-0ubuntu2
PythonDetails: /usr/bin/python2.7, Python 2.7.18, python-is-python2, 2.7.17-4
RelatedPackageVersions:
 dpkg 1.19.7ubuntu3
 apt 2.0.2ubuntu0.1
SourcePackage: mysql-8.0
Title: package mysql-server-8.0 8.0.22-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 failed to install/upgrade: installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to focal on 2020-12-04 (0 days ago)

[Christian Ehrhardt  (paelzer)]

From your logs:
ERROR: Unable to start MySQL server:
2020-12-04T16:13:25.340543Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax 'expire-logs-days' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use binlog_expire_logs_seconds instead.
2020-12-04T16:13:25.340557Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000077] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Error while setting value 'IGNORE_SPACE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' to 'sql_mode'.
2020-12-04T16:13:25.341653Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

2020-12-04T15:43:02.089483Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-04T15:43:02.089558Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.

All those things indicate a configuration which has to be adapted after the upgrade to a new major version.
For sql-mode in particular I'd look at
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-8.0/+bug/1864958

Since you have NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER I'd assume it is the same case.