Hashsum error installing 101+ packages in 16.04 Docker image

[Matt Bearup]

When using the official Ubuntu 16.04 Docker image on a 16.04 Dockerhost (Docker version 1.11.2), if we run an apt-get command that installs > 100 packages, the 101st package will fail as a hashsum mismatch. E.g.
Get:101 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libldap-2.4-2 amd64 2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3 [160 kB]
Err:101 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libldap-2.4-2 amd64 2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3
  Hash Sum mismatch

If the packages are installed via apt, or package installs are divided so we never exceed 100 packages in a single command, the error never occurs. But if we install 101 packages, the 101st is always a hashsum mismatch. In testing thus far it only repros in the 16.04 Docker image on a 16.04 Dockerhost. It doesn't repro if the 16.04 container is running on a 14.04 host, nor in VM's hosted in the cloud (e.g. Azure) or locally. Have not tried a bare metal server. Error occurs with latest apt package (1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1).

See below for a simplified example Dockerfile which will exceed 100 packages and trigger the error during build.

FROM ubuntu:16.04

RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y cifs-utils cmake clang llvm libc++1 libc++-dev \
    libunwind-dev uuid-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev libssh2-1-dev curl \
    lttng-tools lttng-modules-dkms liblttng-ust-dev chrpath members sshpass \
    nodejs nodejs-legacy npm

[Launchpad Janitor (janitor)]

Status changed to 'Confirmed' because the bug affects multiple users.